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So, as the neutrinos pass through this sphere of water, there is a very very very small 
chance that one of them may hit a water molecule. To increase the likelihood of this, two 
strategies are used. One. the larger the sphere of water, the belter, and the Sudbury lank 
holds not 10 tons, not 100 tons, but 1000 tons. Two, the water is special, consisting as it 
does of heavier molecules. So, what happens is this. If the neutrino hits the water 
molecule, the neutrino is absorbed, but the molecule itself splits apart, producing a 
tiny electric current. It is this which is delected, and analysed, giving key information 
about the neutrino. 
The final question is why do we care about these elusive particles? Well, just think -- 
they can pass right through the core of our sun at the speed of light without being affected 
or losing strength. No other form of radiantion can do that, meaning that the know ledge 
we get about neutrinos can help us to control them. With this ability, we can probe the 
centre of our Earth, the inner layers of our sun. and the outer limits of our solar system, 
and that makes it all worth the effort. 

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Listening Test 5
 
 
SECTEION 1 
You will hear two colleagues, Marcus and Ella, discussing a work project. 
Marcus: Okay, Ella. As you know, the deadline for this project is the end of the month, so 
we’d better plan it well. 
Ella: Yes, I’ve already been thinking along those lines, and I’ve decided we should divide 
this project into three phases: the Pre-phase, then Phase 1, and then Phase 2, with strict 
deadlines involved for each one. 
Marcus: Given that we have to finish this quickly, that sounds good. Tell me more. 
Ella: The Pre-phrase is the simplest. We just need to allocate a space or a place to do our 
planning, and this space will need to be quite big. 
Marcus: Sure, and we have to decide on the equipment needed as well. Remember 
the last project, when we didn’t have enough projectors to present our ideas? We 
lost lots of time there. 
Ella: Yes, that was a bad start. That’s why, after the Pre-phase is finished, I’ve allocated a 
mere three days for Phase One. 
Marcus: That will involve drawing the plans. We’ll need Jenna to help us. 
Ella: And Marco. 
Marcus: Yes, but not Susan. Susan is just far too busy to participate, as much as I’d like 
her in the team. 
Ella: Let’s just take Fred instead. He’ll do. 
Marcus: Sure. Fred’s not as experienced as Greg, but I agree, he’ll do fine for this job. 

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