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However, there was no significant difference in the state of wake-
fulness between the cot group and skin-to-skin groups at any time
points (Table 3).
The infants in the fathers' arms group demonstrated a signifi-
cantly lower state of wakefulness than the infants in the cot group at
both 45 minutes (
P = .028) and 60 minutes (
P = .014).
There were no significant differences between the groups be-
tween 105 and 120 minutes, as all the infants presented a decreased
level of wakefulness at this point.
The study also looked at the pattern of wakefulness within each
group as a function of time.
Infants in the skin-to-skin contact group maintained an alert pat-
tern of wakefulness from 45 to 90 minutes; then, their wakefulness
decreased to a drowsy state at 120 minutes.
There were significant changes in the pattern in the cot group
from 45 to 105 minutes (
P < .001). The infants showed an alert state
between 45 and 75 minutes, followed by a drowsy state at 105 min-
utes and light sleep at 120 minutes.
The pattern also changed in the fathers' arms group, from 45 to
120 minutes (
P = .029). At 45 to 75 minutes, the infants showed a
drowsy state followed by light sleep at 120 minutes.
Comparison of infants' mean wakefulness between the groups;
infant in a cot, fathers' arms and in skin-to-skin.
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