Newborn infants who received skin‐to‐skin contact with fathers after Caesarean sections showed stable physiological patterns



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4.1 | Strength and limitations
The strengths of the study included the randomised controlled trial 
design. The reliability of the naturalistic observations was strength-
ened by using Brazelton's NBAS scale, which is a validated instru-
ment,
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and a standardised observation protocol. In addition, the 
physiological parameters were standardised with the same proce-
dure and the same personnel conducted the naturalistic observa-
tions and performed all the measurements. They strengthened the 
validity. A possible limitation could be that all the newborn infants 
were treated under a heater for 30 minutes after birth to ensure 
their temperature was stable immediately before the interventions. 
However, it was normal after 30 minutes (36.8°C) and remained nor-
mal at the end of the study period of 120 minutes. Moreover, the 
results of our study agreed with previous research.
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5 | CONCLUSION
Healthy newborn infants born by elective Caesarean section showed 
stable physiological patterns, temperature, heart rate and peripheral 
oxygen saturation, when they received three different caregiving 
models. The father-infant skin-to-skin contact group demonstrated 
other advantages, and no negative effects were observed. This car-
egiving model should be supported if mothers and infants need to 
be separated.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are grateful to the Obstetric Service at Sótero del Río 
Hospital, chief midwife Veronica Gallegos, Dr Patricia Mena, head of 
the Neonatology Service and the midwives who made this research 
possible.
CONFLIC T OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
ORCID
Ana Ayala
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8207-9629
 
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