PS70CH12_Hall
ARI
9 November 2018
11:53
whenever they remember having a particular thought or feeling. One or both of the dyad members
view the video and infer the thoughts or feelings of their partner at those particular time points.
Accuracy is the match between what the partner self-reported experiencing at that time and what
the perceiver thinks their partner was experiencing then. Lower empathic accuracy (as well as
lower performance on many other IPA measures) is associated with social adjustment problems
and poor mental health, including depression (Gadassi et al. 2011), although authors caution that
there are many moderators to empathic accuracy outcomes (Hodges et al. 2015).
Although the empathic accuracy paradigm can be applied to new perceivers watching a video, its
hallmark feature is its in vivo, dyadic nature. Many other variations of the in vivo method have been
used; for example, one person’s ratings of a partner’s emotions can be compared to the partner’s
self-ratings (C ˆot´e et al. 2011). When considering this method, authors need to acknowledge the
full confounding of one person’s perception with the other person’s expression. Accurate judgment
in a dyadic interaction is a joint outcome of the extent to which one person is perceptive in reading
the other’s cues and the extent to which the other person’s cues afford accurate judgment (good
information in the Realistic Accuracy Model; Funder 1999); it is therefore a dyadic score and not
one that can be attributable to any one single individual. Disambiguation of sending from receiving
is possible but requires additional features in the methodology, such as analysis of videotapes (Hall
et al. 2006) or a round-robin design (Back & Kenny 2010).
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