Atm osferaga
1 9
be
22-1
2 8
S u v
N H
27
K a r b a m i d c r i tm a s i
b u g l a tis h g a
_____
20
4 . 1 0 - r a s m .
Kar b ami d ishlab chi qari shni ng t exnol ogi k tizimi.
K
a
n
a
li
z
a
ls
iy
a
g
a
Hoz ir gi z a m o n k o r x o n a l a r i d a c h i q i n d i l a r n i s u y u q h o l a t d a q a y t a
rish usuli k o ‘p r o q t a r q a l g a n . Bu usul b o ' y i c h a ga z la r suv bilan er i-
tilib, hosil b o ‘lgan t o ' y i n g a n a m m o n i y k a r b o m a t t uzl ar ini er it masi
k a r b a m i d s i n t e z qilishga yubori ladi .
B u n d a y s x e m a l a r n i n g biri 4 . 1 0 - r a s m d a k o ' r s a t i l g a n . Bu s x e m a
b o ' y i c h a g az h o l at d ag i C 0
2
quri tilib, H 2S d a n t o z a l a n i b k o m p r e s -
s o r d a 2 0 M P a g a c h a b o s i m d a 9 5 — 100°C d a a r a l a s h t i r g i c h (
6
) ga
y ub o ri l ad i . A r a l a s h t i r g i c h g a i k ki nc h i t o m o n i d a n n a s o s (3) orqali
s u y u q a m m i a k (90°C) va na s os (7) or qal i k a r b o m a t a m m o n i y tuzlari
e r it ma s i (95°C) yubori ladi .
K o m p o n e n t l a r a r al as hi shi n at ij as id a 175°C t e m p e r a t u r a d a k a r
b o m a t a m m o n i y hosil b o ' l a boshl aydi . S o ' n g r a r e ak s i on a r a l a s h m a
( N H
3
: C 0
2
: H 20 =
3
,
8
—
4
,
5
:
1
:(
0
,
5
—
0
,
8
)) sint ez kol o n n as i g a (5) j o ' n a -
tiladi. S i n t e z k o l o n n a s i d a 185°C t e m p e r a t u r a va 2 0 M P a b o s i m d a
k a r b o m a t a m m o n i y n i n g hosil bo' l ishi va u n i n g p a r c h a l a n i s h i oxiriga
y e t a d i ( 4 . 1 1 - r a s m ) . S i n t e z k o l o n n a s i b o ' s h
s i l i n d r i k s h a k l d a g i a p p a r a t d a n i b o r a t b o ' l i b
x r o m n i k e l p o ' l a t d a n yasa lga n. Re a k s i on massa
p a s t k i s h t u t s e r o r q a l i y u b o r i l i b , a s t a - s e k i n
y u qo r i g a k o ' t a r i l a b os hl ay di . A r a l a s h m a yaxshi
aralashishi u c h u n k o l o n n a n i n g ichida t o'rli t o' si q
j o y l a s h g a n b o ' l a d i . K o l o n n a n i n g quvvati 1250
t / s u t k a s i g a ( 4 5 0 m i n g t / y i l ) d i a m e t r i 2 —2 , 5 m ,
balandligi 30—35m, haj mi — 160 m 3. K o l o n n a d a
hosil b o ' l g a n e r i t m a , 3 0 — 31% k a r b a m i d , 21 —
22% k a r b a m a t a m m o n i y , 3 3 —34% a m m i a k va
16— 17% s u v d a n t a s h k i l t o p g a n b o ' l i b , ikki
bo sqi chl i distill at siyaga y u b or i l a d i . Distillatsiya
agr egat i re kti fi ka tsi ya k o l o n n a s i , s e p a r a t o r va
i s i tgi chda n ibor at b o' l a d i .
Ikki b os qi chl i dist il latsi ya y o r d a m i b i lan gaz
fazasi s u y u q f a z a d a n a j r a l a d i . R e k t i f i k a t s i o n
k o l o n n a d a n (9) c h i q a y o t g a n ga z fazasi ( 75—76%
N H 3; 2 1 —22% C O , ; 3 % s u v) yuvish k o l o n n a s i -
ni (
8
) p a s t q i s m i g a y u b o r i l a d i . B i r v a q t d a
i k k i n c h i b o s q i c h d i s t i l l a t s i y a d a n c h i q a y o t g a n
k a r b o m a t a m m o n i y t uz l ar i e r it m a s i keladi. Bu
yer da C O , ning asosiy qismi yuboriladi, suv bug'i
kondensa tsi yaga uchr aydi va hosil b o ' l g a n e r i t m a
( 3 8 - 4 5 % N H 3; 3 0 - 3 7 % C 0 2; 2 2 - 2 7 % H , 0 )
ar al as ht i rg ic h (
6
) q a yt ar ili b sikl yopi ladi.
PI
CIV
>4
Reagent la r
4 .1 1 -r a s m .
Sintez
kolonnasi.
360
S u y u q f a z a 11- b o s q i c h dist il latsi yaga y u b o r i l ad i ( 5 5 —6 1% k a r
b a m i d , 4 —5 % k a r b o m a t a m m o n i y , 6 —7 % N H , va 2 8 — 35% suv
b o ‘ladi) a m m i a k n i n g b u g ' l a n i s h i va k a r b a m a t a m m o n i y n i n g p a r c h a
l ani sh h i s o bi ga 1 10°C q a d a r soviydi, s h u n i n g u c h u n i si tgi chda (13)
y a n a 140— 142°C isitiladi, nat ij ada k a r b o m a t a m m o n i y p a r cha l ani shi ,
N H , va C O , n in g h a yda li shi t a m o m b o ‘ladi. 7 0 —72% k a r b a m i d g a
ega b o ‘lgan e r i t m a s e p a r a t o r d a n (14) c h i q i b 90° C g a c h a sovitiladi
t ay y or m a h s u l o t g a i shl ashga y ubor i ladi .
B u n i n g u c h u n k a r b a m i d e r it m a s i ikki b o sq i c h l i bugMatish a p p a
rat ida q u yu ql a s ht i ri l a d i :
1 - b o s q i c h d a 118— 125°C d a 9 2 —9 5% g a c h a , 2 - b o s q i c h d a 135—
140°C d a 9 9 , 5 —9 9 , 8 % g a c h a q u yu ql as ht i ri l a di . Qu y u ql a s h t i r i l g a n
k a r b a m i d e r i t m a s i d o n a l a s h m i n o r a s i g a y u b or i l a d i . M i n o r a d a h a vo
y o r d a m i b i l a n k a r b a m i d t o m c h i s i sovitiladi va q o t a d i , sovitish j a r a -
y o n i n i n g d a v o m i ( 4 0 —50°C g a c h a ) m i n o r a n i n g ichiga j o y l as hg a n
q a y n o v c h i q a t l a m a p p a r a t i d a j o ri y qilinadi.
361