9 .8 -ja d v a l
A Z O T K I S L O T A I S H L A B C H I Q A R I S H A G R E G A T L A R I D A G I
S A R F L A N I S H K O E F F I T S I E N T L A R I
T /r
Ko'rsatkichlar
0
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ch
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v
b
ir
li
g
i
Atm
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0
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MPa
bosimli
Q
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p
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st
0
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5
M
P
a
bosimli
Y
u
q
o
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i
0,
73
MPa
bosimli
Q
o
‘s
h
y
u
q
o
r
i
0
,4
2
-
0
,4
7
/1
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-
1,
26
MPa
bosimli
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
.
Am m iak
t
0 , 2 8 7 -
0,289
0,293*
0,293
0,293
2
.
Q otis hm a № 5
(platinali kata
lizator)
g
0,0 49
0,049
0,1 60
0 , 1 0 0
3.
Platinasiz
katalizator
g
—
3,9
—
3,0
4.
Elektr energiya
kW • soat
120
266
40
14,4
5.
Tabiiy gaz
m
3
—
—
1 2 0 - 1 3 5
82
6
.
Kimyoviy to z a
langan suv
t
—
1 , 2 - 1 , 3
2, 1
1,54
7.
Suv bug‘i k o n
densati
t
—
0,7 3
0,41
0 ,342
8
.
Ishlab chiqarish
suvi
m
3
К
150
150
1 2 0
283
129
280
* S hu j u m la d a n 0 ,2 8 8 — azot kislotasi olish u c h u n va 0 .0 0 5 — tashla ndiq
gazlarni to z a l a s h u ch u n .
Asosiy b a n d l a r d a n y a n a biri, e l e k t r e n e r g iy a sarfi b o ‘lib, bu k o ‘r-
s a t ki ch q o ‘sh past bos im l i , y a ’ni 0 , 1 / 0 , 3 5 M P a b os i ml i q u r i l m a l a r
d a e n g y u q o r i — 266 k W • s o a t / t H N 0 3 q i y m a t g a , q o ' s h y u q or i b o
simli, y a ’ni 0 , 4 2 —0 , 4 7 / 1 , 1 — 1,26 M P a bosi mli q u r i l m a l a r d a esa eng
k a m — 14,4 k W • s o a t / t H N 0 3 q i y m a t n i t ashki l e t m o q d a . B u n d a n
k o ' r i n a d i g a n b o s i m n i o r t i s h i s o l i s h t i r m a e l e k t r e n e r g i y a s ar fi ni,
a k s i n c h a , k a m a y i s h i g a olib ke l ar eka n.
Hoz ir gi v a q t d a A K - 7 2 t izi mi b o ' y i c h a ishl aydi gan a z o t kislota
i shl ab c h i q a r i s h q u r i l m a l a r i d a r e a k si o n issiqliklarni r e k u p e r a ts i y a
qilish n at i j as ida, h a r b i r t o n n a a z o t kislotasi h is obi ga b os i mi 4 M P a
va t e m p e r a t u r a s i 713 К b o ' l g a n o ‘t a qi zigan suv b u g ' i d a n 1,19 G k a l ,
va b o s i m i 1,6 M P a , t e m p e r a t u r a s i 623 К b o ' l g a n suv b u g ' i d a n esa
0 , 3 1 6 G k a l m i q d o r d a ishlab c h i q a r i l m o q d a .
291
S h u n d a y qilib, k el aj a k da y u q o r i d a b a y o n e t i l gan s ab a bl ar g a b i
n o a n , a z o t kislota ishlab c h i q a r i s h yangi agr egat lar i q o ‘sh yuqor i
b o s i m , s h u j u m l a d a n , a yn i q s a , az ot di ok s i d in i a bs or bsi ya la sh b o ‘li-
mi 1,6—2 , 0 M P a b o s i m d a i shl aydi gan t i z i m l a r as os id a yarati lshi
k o ‘z d a t ut il gan.
9.23. K U C H S IZ AZOT KISLO TA SIN I
KO NSENTRLASH
Xalq x o ‘jaligining ayr im sohalar ida, ayniqsa, or ga nik sintez sanoati
va m u d o f a a d a a z ot k i s lota sini ng y u q or i k o n s e n t r l a n g a n , y a ’ni 9 8 —
99% e r i t m a l a r i i shl at il adi. A m m o k i m y o s a n o a t i d a a s o s a n , a z o t
k i s l ota sini ng n i s b a t a n k u ch si z , y a ’ni 5 6 —6 0% li e r i t m a l a r i ishlab
chi qar i la di. S h u m u n o s a b a t bilan kuchli k o ns en t r a ts i y ag a ega b o ‘lgan
a z o t kislotasi ishlab c h i q a r i s h a l o h i d a a h a m i y a t kasb etadi.
Kuchli azot kislotasi ishlab chi qarishni b iz n in gc h a quyidagi turlarga
b o ‘lish m u m k i n : 1) kuchsi z azot kislota er it mas iga azot kislotasining
kuchli e r i t ma l ar i n i q o ‘shish; 2) kuchsi z azot kislota erit mal ar ida gi
suvni b u g ‘latish; 3) kuchsi z azot kislotasi tarkibidagi suvni kamaytirish
u c h u n o ‘z i ga s uv n i y u t i b o l u v c h i m o d d a l a r qoMl ash; 4 ) k u c h l i
k ons ent ra ts iya da gi a z ot kislotasini t o ‘g ‘r i dan t o ‘g ‘ri si nt ez qilish.
Bu t u r l a r d a n bi ri nchi si a s o s a n , ki my o vi y l a b o r a t o r i y a l a r d a , j u d a
k a t t a b o ‘l m a g a n m i q d o r l a r d a kuc h l i a z o t ki slotasi hosil q i l i s h d a
q o ‘llanishi m u m k i n . Bu t u r d a ishl ab c h i q a r i l a d i g a n az ot kislotasi
n i n g m a k s i m a l k o n s e n t r a t s i y a s i k u c h s i z a z o t kislotasi e r i t m a s i g a
q o ‘shi layot gan kuchli azot kislotasining konsent ra tsi ya si ga t e n g b o ‘li-
shi m u m k i n . Bu t u r b o s h q a t ur l ar g a q a r a g a n d a e n g s o d d a b o ‘lsa
h a m k i m y o s a n o a t i d a k at t a h a j m l a r d a k u ch l i az ot kislotasi ishlab
c hi qa r i s hd a u m u m a n qoMlanmaydi, c h u n k i b u n i n g u c h u n a vva la mbor
a z ot ki s l ot as in i ng yu qo ri k o n s e n t r l a n g a n e r i t m a l a r i ker ak. Bu esa
m a n t i q q a teskaridir. Ikkinchi t u r b o ‘yi cha kuchl i k on s en t rl a n g a n azot
kislotasi ishlab c h i q a r i s h u n i n g k u ch s iz e r i t m a l a r i d a n suvni b u g ‘la-
tishga as os langa n. B u n i n g u c h u n ku c h s iz az ot kislotasi ma x s us quri l-
m a d a qaynatilib, hayda sh j a r a y o n i d a n o ‘tkaziladi. BugMatish turi bilan
azot kislotasining konsentratsiyasi m a k s i m u m 6 8 , 4 % g a c h a oshirilishi
m u m k i n ; u n d a n y u q o r i k o n s e n t ra t s i ya g a er is hi b b o ‘l m a y d i , c h u n k i
bu k o n s e n t r a t s i y a d a tarkibi 6 8, 4 % H N 0 3 va 3 1 , 6 % H 20 d a n i bor at
b o ‘lgan a z e o t r o p a r a l a s h m a hosil q i l in g an b o ‘ladi. S h u n i n g u c h u n
b u t u r h a m a m a l i y o t d a k eng qoMl anmaydi .
K u c h s i z a z o t kisl ota sini ng k o n s en t r a t s i y a si n i o s h i r i s h n i n g a m a
li yotda k o ‘p qoMlaydigan turi — b u u c h i n c h i va t o ‘r t i nc h i t ur l ar di r.
U c h i n c h i t urga b i n o a n az ot kislotasini ng k u ch s iz erit masi ni uni ng
tarkibidagi suvni o ‘ziga t ortib ol adi gan m o d d a l a r qoMlab, k o n s en t ra t -
292
siyasini o s hi r i sh k o ‘z d a t ut i l ga n b o ‘lib, hozi rgi v a q t d a b u t u r n i n g
ikki usuli m a ’l u m b o ‘lib, u l a r n i n g ikkalasi h a m a m a l i y o t d a keng
q o ‘llanib k e l i n m o q d a . S h u n d a y qilib, u c h i n c h i t u r q uyi da gi ikki
u s u l d a n i bor a t di r:
a) ku ch si z azot kislota konsent ratsiyasi ni sulfat kislotasining k u c h
li, y a ’ni 9 2 — 94% li er i t ma s i n i yoki fosfor ki slotasini q o ‘llab oshirish;
b) k u c h s i z az ot kislota kon s en t ra ts i y a si ni m a g n i y n i t r a t i n i n g 7 2 —
8 0 % li q o t i s h m a s i n i qoMlab oshirish.
9.24.
K U C H S IZ AZOT K ISLO TA SIN I KUCHLI
SULFAT KISLO TASI YORDAMIDA KONSENTRATSIYASINI
O S H I R I S H
Bu u s u l d a k u c h l i sul fat kislotasi suvni d e y a r l i c h e k l a n m a g a n
m i q d o r d a o ‘ziga t o r t i b olish x u s u s i y a t i d an f o y d a l a n i l a d i. B u n i ng
u c h u n a m a l i y o t d a sulfat k i s l ota si ni ng 9 2 —9 4% li e r i t m a s i , y a ’ni
k u p o r o s m o yi q o ‘l lanadi.
H 20 — H N 0 3— H 2S 0 4 d a n ibor at u c h l a m c h i a r a l a s h m a q a y n a ti l -
g a n d a hosil b o ‘l uv ch i b u g ‘ t a r ki bi d a s uv n i n g m i q d o r i k a m a y i b , bir
v a q t n i n g o ‘z i d a az ot kislotasi bugMari m i q d o r i o s hi b b or a d i va ularni
sovitib, k o n d e n s a t s i y a l a n g a n d a k o n s e n t r l a n g a n a z o t kislotasi hosil
b o ‘ladi. B u n d a y usul bil an ol in a y o tg an az ot kislotasining k o n s e n t r a t
siyasi u c h l a m c h i a r a l a s h m a s i n i n g t ar ki bi ga b o g ‘liq b o ‘lib, u n i esa
9 . 1 6 - r a s m d a kelti ril gan d i a g r a m m a orqali t o p i s h m u m k i n d i r . D i a g -
HNOj
% H20
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
H2S04
----- % H20
9 . 1 6 -ra sm .
H N 0 3 — H2S 0 4 — H20 uchlamchi diagrammasi.
293
r a m m a t e n g t o m o n l i u c h b u r c h a k d a n ibor at b o ‘lib, u n i n g h a r bir
t o m o n i d a u c h l a m c h i a r al as hma s i ni ng b i r o n t a k o m p o n e n t i mi qdor l ar i
% larda ifoda etilgandir. U c h b u r c h a k n i n g h a r b ir c h o ‘qqisi a r a l a s h ma
k o m p o n e n t l a r i : sulfat kislota, az ot kislotasi va s u v d a n b i r o n t a s i n i n g
100% li m i q d o r i n i belgilaydi. U c h b u r c h a k ichidagi h a r q a n d a y n u q t a
u c h l a m c h i a r a l a s h m a n i n g b ir o n t a tarkibini i foda etadi. M as a l a n , 95%
li a z o t kislota e r i t m a s i n i hosil qilish u c h u n , d i a g r a m m a d a n k o ‘rinib
t ur i bdi ki , t ar ki bi 23% H N 0 3, 52% H 2S 0 4 va 2 5 % H 20 d a n i bo r a t
a r a l a s h m a s i n i olish ker ak. X u d d i s h u n d a y y o ‘l b i lan a z o t k isl ota si
ni ng h a r q a n d a y b er il ga n k on s en t ra t s i y a s i u c h u n ker akli tar ki bda gi
a r a l a s h m a t o p i b olinishi m u m k i n .
K u c hsi z azot ki slotasining ko ns en t ra ts i y a si ni sulfat kislota q o ‘llab
os hi ri sh t e x n o l o g i k tasviri 9 . 1 7 - r a s m d a k o ‘rsati lgan.
K u c h s i z az ot kislotasi bos imli idi sh ( / ) g a ber il adi va u n d a n
c h i q a y o t i b ikki o q i m g a b o ‘linadi. K u c h s i z a z o t k is l o t as in i n g b i r i n
chi oqi mi « n az or a t fonari» deb a t al mi sh o ‘l cha gi ch
( J )
orqali bugMat
gi ch ( 5 ) n i n g past ki qi smiga ber iladi va u ye r ga 0, 5 M P a b o s i m d a g i
t o ‘y in ga n suv b u g ‘i b i lan isitilib, k o n s e n t r a t s i o n m i n o r a
( 6)
ni ng
10-tarelkasiga beriladi. Azot kislotasining i kki nchi oqi mi esa «naz or at
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