{yunoncha —
h y p o th a la m u s
—
b o sh m iy a b o ‘lim i
d e g a n m a ’ n o n i
b ild ir a d i) tiz im i v a r e ti k u lä r f o r m a ts i y a ( l o t i n c h a
reti
culum — to'rsim on , fo rm a tio — bog 'la m
m a ’n o s i n i a n g -
latad i) ning o 'r n i k o ‘rsatib o ‘tilgan. M a ’l u m o t l a r d a k o ‘r-
sa tilish ic h a , e m o t s i o n a l h o l a t l a r n i n g fiz io lo g ik m o h i y a t i
k a t t a y a r i m s h a r l a r p o ‘s t ! o g ‘in i n g va p o ‘s t l o q o s t i t iz im i
m a r k a z l a r n i n g f u n k s iy a s ig in a e m a s , b a lk i u l a r : a) m iy a
m e x a n i z m l a r i f a o liy a ti n i f a o l l a s h t i r u v c h i r e t i k u l ä r f o r -
m atsiy an in g ; b) m i y a n in g k o ‘rish d o ‘n g lik la rin in g ( d o ‘ng-
likosti q is m in in g ); d ) y a r im s h a r l a r y angi p o ‘s t l o g ‘i o r a -
sidagi lim bik s is te m a n in g funksiyalaridir^ E m o t s i o n a l h o -
latlar u c h u n p o ‘s tloqosti t u g u n c h a l a r i n i n g t a r k i b i g a k iruv-
chi (m iy a k a tta y a r im s h a r l a r in i n g o q m o d d a s i j b i r l a s h u v i
b ilan ku lran g m o d d a g a a y l a n a d i ) b u m a r k a z l a r h a m mu*
h i m a h a m iy a tg a ega. A ga rda m iy a k atta y a r im s h a r la ri p o ‘st-
l o g ‘i h a r a k a tl a r i n i b i r l a s h t i r i b , s e z g ila rn i v a s a ’y - h a r a -
k atlarn i n ozik ifoda qilib t u rs a , m iy a fo r m a ts iy a la r i ta s h q i
h a m d a ich k i m u h i t d a s o d i r b o l a d i g a n o ‘z g a r i s h l a r g a
o r g a n iz m n in g j a v o b reak siy alarin i b o s h q a r a d i.
M a ’l u m o tla r g a q a r a g a n d a , m iy a k a t ta y a r im s h a r l a r i
p o 's t l o g 'i s h ik astlan sa, tash q i o l a m d a n h a m d a ic h k i o r g a n -
la r d a n k eladiga n q o lz g ‘o v c h il a r n in g n o z ik t a h lil q ilinishi
zaiflashsa h a m e m o t s i o n a l h o la tla r saq la n ib q o l a v e r a r e k a n .
M a s a la n , h a y v o n l a r lim b ik t iz i m g a , d o kn g o s t i ( g i p o t a -
l a m u s ) q i s m ig a , k o ‘rish d o ' n g c h a l a r i g a
y o ‘n a l t i r i l g a n
e l e k t r q o ‘z g ‘a tu v c h ila r g a , r e ti k u l ä r f o r m a t s i y a n i n g q o ‘z-
g ‘alishlariga x u rsa n d lik yoki diqqinafaslik, d a r g ‘a z a b lik yoki
q o ‘rqoq!ik, lazz atlan ish y o k i a z o b la n is h , r o h a tl a n i s h yoki
ko'n gilxijillik sifatida j a v o b reaksiyasi hosil b o ‘Iadi.
P six o fiz io lo g o l i m l a r n i n g m a ’lu m o tla r ig a k o 'r a , m iy a -
n in g m u a y y a n j o y l a r i d a n e le k tr o d y o r d a m i d a b io to k la rn i
y o z ib o l g a n m a ’l u m o tl a r i d a n k o ‘rin ib tu ribdiki, s u te m i-
z u v c h ila r n i n g g ip o ta la m u s la rid a h a m „ r o h a t l a n i s h “ , h a m
„ a z o b la n is h “ markazlari m avjud ekan. Tajribada „ro h atla-
n i s h “ m a r k a z i q o ‘z g ‘a ti lg a n d a y o q im li hislar u y g 'o n g a n ,
e le k tr to k i bilan „ a zo b lan ish “ m arkazi q o 4zg‘ati!ganda esa
h a y v o n l a r q a l t i r a b , o ‘z i n i h a r t o m o n g a t a s h l a g a n l a r .
K e y in c h a lik azoblantiruvchi em otsiya q o ‘zg‘atilishini sez-
g a n s u te m iz u v c h ila r q o ch ish g a harak at qilganlar.
Y u q o r i d a t a ’k i d l a n g a n i d e k , i j o b iy v a s a l b i y h i s -
t u y g ‘u l a m i n g s h u n g a o ‘xsh ash m ark a z la ri b o s h m iy a n in g
b o s h q a b o ‘lim l a r id a h a m jo y la s h g a n . S h u n g a q a r a m a y ,
b u l a r d a n t a s h q a r i , s h a r t l i r a v i s h d a g i r o h a t l a n i s h va
a z o b l a n i s h m a rk a z la ri h a m m avjuddir.
E m o t s i y a l a r b i r - b i r i g a y a q i n m a s o f a d a f a o l i y a t
k o ‘r s a t a d i l a r . T a j r i b a d a m a r k a z l a r i d a n b i r i d a e l e k t r o d
y o r d a m i d a q o ‘z g ‘a!ish eh tiy o jg a q a r a b salbiy yoki ijobiy
e m o t s i y a d a n faqat bittasi vujudga keltirilgan, xolos. B a ’zid a
y o n d o s h j o y l a s h g a n m a r k a z l a r d a q o ‘z g ‘alish t a r q a l g a n
b o ' l s a , u h o l d a a m b i v a l e n t y o k i i k k i y o q la m a re a k siy a
r o ‘y o b g a c h iq a d i. S h artli ra v ish d a n o m l a n g a n ro h a tla n is h
v a a z o b l a n i s h m a r k a z l a r i b i r - b i r i g a y a q in j o y la s h is h ig a
q a r a m a s d a n , h a r xil tu z ilis h g a eg a ekanligi a n iq la n g a n .
M a ’l u m boM ishicha, „ a z o b l a n i s h “ m a rk a z la ri m i y a n i n g
turli b o ‘lim la r ig a jo y la s h s a -d a , lekin u la r y a g o n a tizim bilan
b o s h q a r i l a d i . S albiy e m o t s i y a l a r d a n farqli o l a r o q , ijobiy
h i s - t u y g ‘u l a r v a „ r o h a t l a n i s h “ m a r k a z l a r i o ' z a r o j i p s
a l o q a g a e g a e m a s . M u l o h a z a l a r d a n k o 'r in ib t u rg a n id e k ,
e m o t s i y a l a r juft h a m d a q a r a m a -q a rsh i xususiyatga ega ekan.
S h u n i n g u c h u n
q a t ’iy is h o n c h bilan aytish m u m k in k i ,
h a r q a y s i e m o t s i y a q a r a m a - q a r s h i t u r k u m g a h a m ega.
J u m l a d a n , sevgi — n afrat, y o q im li — y oqim siz , x o tirja m -
lik — bezovtalanish, m a s ’uliyatlilik — loqaydlik va boshqalar.
1.P .P a v lo v , C h .S h e r r i n g t o n , P .K .A n o x in , N . A .B e r n -
s h t e y n , E . N . S o k o l o v , T . V . S i m o n o v , D .L in d s le y , R .U .
L i p e r , B . I . D o d o n o v , U . J e m s v a b o s h q a l a r n i n g t a d q i -
q o t l a r i d a k o 'r s a t i l i s h i c h a , ta h lil q ilin g a n m a r k a z l a r n i n g
114
q o ‘z g ‘atilishi s h a r tli re fle k sla r hosil q i l i n i s h i n i m u s t a h -
k am lo v c h i om il h is o b la n a d i. B uning n a t ij a s id a e l e k t r q o kz-
g 'o v c h i y o r d a m i b ila n m iy a katta y a r i m s h a r l a r i n i n g p o ‘st-
log‘ida bilish j a r a y o n l a r i va x a t t i - h a r a k a t l a r s t e r e o ti p l a r i-
ning negizini tashkil qiluvchi m u v a q q a t b o g l a n i s h l a r hosil
q ilin a d i. S h a rtli r e f l e k s l a r n i n g s o ‘n is h i, t o r m o z l a n i s h i ,
p o ‘s t l o q n i n g t a n l a s h (s e le k ti v ) t i z i m i m i y a s t v o l i n i n g
u z u n a s ig a t e p a lik o s ti va p o ‘stlo q o sti n e r v t u g u n l a r i d a g i
„ m a r k a z l a r “ n in g fa oliya tiga b o g ‘liqdir. I . P . P a v l o v o ‘sha
d a v r d a y o q , „ d i n a m i k
s t e r e o t i p “ hosil q i l g a n d a n keyin
oliy nerv fa oliya tida u n i n g buzilishi s alb iy h is s iy o tla r ke-
c h ish i u c h u n n eg iz b o kladi, d i n a m i k s t e r e o t i p n i o ld i n d a n
t a y y o rla b , s o 'n g u n i n g o ‘zgarishi ijo b iy h i s - t u y g ‘u l a r n i
p a y d o qiladi, d e b q a t ’iy i s h o n tir g a n edi.
M a ’l u m o tl a r d a n m i y a n in g te palikosti q i s m i d a (g ip o -
t a l a m u s d a ) g i m a r k a z l a r r o h a t l a n i s h y o k i a z o b l a n i s h
vaziyatlari k o ‘p m a r t a ta k ro r la n s a h a m h e c h o ‘zg a rm aslig i,
lekin m iya k a tta y a r im s h a r la ri p o ‘stloqosti n e r v t u g u n c h a -
lari b o 'y l a b y o y ilg a n m a r k a z l a r q o ‘z g ‘a t i ! i s h i n a ti j a s id a
e m o t s i o n a l r e a k s i y a l a r k u c h s i z l a n i s h i , h a t t o s o kn i s h i
kuzatilgan. Bu v o q elik sh u b ilan iz o h la n a d ik i, a q li y faoliyat
v a a x l o q i y k e c h i n m a l a r e m o t s i o n a l l i g i v a o ‘z i n i n g
o kzg aruvchanligi b ila n ajralib tu rad i. B i n o b a r i n , o r g a n iz m -
n in g b irla m c h i ehtiy o jla ri boMgan signal b e r u v c h i e m o t s i o
nal r e a k s i y a l a r t a k r o r a n q o ‘z g ‘a t i l g a n d a n k e y i n h a m
s o 'n m a y d i . S h u n i n g d e k , o r g a n ik j a r o h a t tu fa y li o g ‘riq k a -
m a y m a y d i, m u a y y a n re ak siy alar o ‘z g a r m a g u n c h a j i s m o n i y
m a s h q d a n h u z u r l a n i s h s h a x s n i n g k o ‘n g l i g a t e g m a y d i .
B u n i n g u c h u n a l b a t t a , s a lb iy , ijobiy, a r a l a s h ( a m b i v a
lent) signallar in s o n n i n g hayoti va fa o liy a tid a o kz a h a m i y a -
tini y o kq o tm asligi kerak.
T u r l i m a r k a z l a r q o ‘z g ‘a t i l g a n d a y u z a g a k e l a d i g a n
ro h a tla n is h yoki a z o b la n i s h la r n in g sifatiga, d a r a j a s i g a va
barqarorligiga asoslanganda b a'zi sharoitda hissiy ifodalangan
s h a rtli re fle k to r a l o q a l a r b i r m a r t a d a y o q h o s il b o ‘lishi,
b o s h q a vaz iy a td a es a u rin ish g a q a r a m a y a l o q a ti k la n m a s lig i
m u m k in . Bu o ‘rin d a s h ax sn in g b a r q a r o r e m o t s i o n a l y o ‘n a I-
g a n lig i, m a y l l a r m u s t a h k a m l i g i , r u h iy a ti v a u n i n g t u r -
m u s h t a r z i n i , h a y o tiy id e a lla r in i t u s h u n t i r is h m u m k in .
M a s a l a n , m a y x o ‘r y o k i n a r k o m a n u c h u n r o h a t l a n i s h
b ila n bogMiq x a t t i- h a r a k a t b i r l a m c h i b o ‘Igan!igi tufayli turli
i j t i m o i y v o q e a l a r ( o i l a v i y a j r a l i s h l a r , i s h x o n a d a g i
k o 'n g i l s i z l i k , ta b i i y o fa t v a b o s h q a l a r ) u n i b u y o i d a n
t o ‘x t a t i b q o l o l m a y d i, lekin m u v a q q a t holat vujudga kelishi
m u m k i n (a y ta y lik b i r n e c h a d a q i q a o ‘zini tiyib tu ris h ),
b i r o q t e z d a tabiiy eh tiy o jg a m u t e l ik qilib, „tarki o d a t —
a m r i m a h o l “ y o ‘s in d a ish tu ta v e ra d i.
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