Forex Hedge Accounting Treatment
OANDA’s FXConsulting for Corporations
35
Appendix C – Forex Hedge Summary Table
The following table provides a summary treatment of designated and non-designated forex hedges.
Forex
Hedge
Hedge Designation
(special accounting
treatment)
Documentation
and Testing
Forex Hedge
FMV (mark-to-
market)
Impact – Effective Portion of the
Forex Hedge
Comments
Not
Designated
None
No special
documentation,
no effectiveness
testing.
Hedge FMV on
balance sheet
-
Offsetting
entry direct to
P&L
Recorded foreign
currency assets
and liabilities on
the balance sheet
The gain/loss on forex hedge and
the hedge item’s forex revaluation
impact to earnings offset each
other.
Creates desired effect.
Future
transactions (both
firm commitments
and forecasted
transactions)
Protects overall economic value;
however, earnings volatility occurs
due to mismatch when forex hedge
impacts earnings and when the
future transaction impacts
earnings.
Potential earnings
volatility may occur.
Designated
Fair Value Hedge
Upfront
documentation,
periodic testing
of hedge
effectiveness.
Hedge FMV on
balance sheet
-
Offsetting
entry direct to
P&L
Firm
purchase/sale
commitments
(binding
contracts)
Change in FMV of underlying firm
commitment is recorded on the
balance sheet until purchase/sale is
made. When purchase/sale is
completed, this recorded
commitment is reclassified to the
purchase/sale amount.
Purchase/sale
commitment’s change in
value recorded on the
balance sheet (not usual
treatment).
Easier to track hedge
item’s impact to
earnings by adjusting
purchase amount at time
of purchase.
Recorded foreign
currency assets
and liabilities in
special
Change in FMV of recorded asset
or liability is recorded directly to
earnings as is the gain or loss on
the forex hedge.
Generally designated for
situations when the
company is hedging
foreign denominated
Forex Hedge Accounting Treatment
OANDA’s FXConsulting for Corporations
36
Forex
Hedge
Hedge Designation
(special accounting
treatment)
Documentation
and Testing
Forex Hedge
FMV (mark-to-
market)
Hedged Items
Impact – Effective Portion of the
Forex Hedge
Comments
circumstances.
Typically, foreign
denominated debt.
debt against changes in
foreign currency rates
and interest rates.
Cash Flow Hedge
Upfront
documentation,
periodic testing
of hedge
effectiveness.
Forecasted
transactions
must meet
definition of
high probability.
Hedge FMV on
balance sheet
-
Offsetting
entry to
equity OCI
account
-
Reclassify
OCI amounts
to earnings
when hedged
item impacts
earnings.
Firm
purchase/sale
commitments
(binding
contracts)
After the purchase/sale is
completed, its impact to earnings
must be tracked to determine when
to reclassify the amounts in the
equity OCI account to earnings.
Change in FMV of underlying firm
commitment is not recorded.
Cash flow forex hedges
must lock in all the
variable amounts of the
hedged items (i.e., both
forex and interest rates).
Potentially more
challenging to track
hedged item’s impact to
earnings for purchase
transactions.
Highly probable
forecasted
transactions
After the purchase/sale is
completed, its impact to earnings
must be tracked to determine when
to reclassify the amounts in the
equity OCI account to earnings.
Change in FMV of underlying firm
commitment is not recorded.
Cash flow forex hedges
must lock in all the
variable amounts of the
hedged items (i.e., both
forex and interest rates).
Potentially more
challenging to track
hedged item’s impact to
earnings for forecasted
purchase transactions.
Recorded foreign
currency assets
and liabilities in
special
circumstances.
Typically, foreign
denominated debt.
Change in FMV of recorded asset
or liability is recorded directly to
earnings as is the gain or loss on
the forex hedge.
Generally designated for
situations when the
company is hedging
foreign denominated
debt against changes in
foreign currency rates
and interest rates.
Forex Hedge Accounting Treatment
OANDA’s FXConsulting for Corporations
37
Forex
Hedge
Hedge Designation
(special accounting
treatment)
Documentation
and Testing
Forex Hedge
FMV (mark-to-
market)
Hedged Items
Impact – Effective Portion of the
Forex Hedge
Comments
Net Investment
Hedge
Upfront
documentation,
periodic testing
of hedge
effectiveness.
Hedge FMV on
balance sheet
-
Offsetting
entry to
equity OCI
account.
Net investment in
a subsidiary
The gain/loss on forex hedge and
revaluation of the net investment
in the foreign subsidiary would
both be recorded in the equity OCI
account for foreign currency
translation accounts, hopefully,
offsetting each other.
Need to assess whether
intercompany foreign
currency debt is
considered to be long
term in nature.
Depending upon the
frequency with which
the net investment hedge
is updated to reflect
current notional
exposure, some
ineffectiveness may
occur.