October 2023. Module: U0005 Agro-Bioscience



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Seminar Week 2 Disease management and prevention Positive welfare Animal

Mastitis in dairy cattle


Bovine viral diarrhea
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is a 
disease of cattle caused by the Bovine 
Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). The virus 
is widespread, and most herds are at 
risk for infection. In the susceptible 
herd, BVD can be a serious, costly 
disease.
The signs 
of BVD vary, depending on the immune status of the exposed animals, and the 
strain of the infecting virus. 
The incubation period 
is about three to five days. If 
susceptible (non-vaccinated) animals are infected with a virulent strain of the virus, the 
disease will likely appear as an 
acute, severe sickness, with bloody diarrhea, high fever, 
off- feed, mouth ulcers, and often pneumonia.
Some infected animals may die, while 
others will recover, usually within one or two weeks. Occasionally an animal will die very 
quickly before other signs are apparent. Since BVD is a viral disease, antibiotics are 
ineffective.


Coccidiosis in chickens
Coccidiosis 
is
a protozoal disease causing 
diarrhea, 
weight loss 
and 
decreased production
in poultry
. It 
can be fatal. Prevention is key and is achieved with 
use of anticoccidials or vaccination. Diagnosis is by 
fecal flotation to detect oocysts, often in 
combination with characteristic necropsy findings.
The most popular treatment for coccidiosis is 
Amprolium*
, which blocks the parasite's ability to 
uptake 
and 
multiply. 
Treatment 
is 
usually 
administered by adding Amprolium to the chickens' 
water supply, however in some cases, where sick 
chickens aren't eating or drinking enough, the 
medication is given orally.
*Amprolium is
a quaternized derivative of pyrimidine that interferes with thiamine metabolism
. It is a thiamine 
antagonist, blocking the thiamine receptors, thus preventing carbohydrate synthesis.



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