Of the United States of America d e c e m b e r 2 0 1 7

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NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905

M I L I TA RY A N D S E C U R I T Y
MILITARY AND SECURITY

MILITARY AND SECURITY:

We will retain the neces-

sary American military presence in the region to

protect the United States and our allies from ter-

rorist attacks and preserve a favorable regional

Terrorists and criminals

thrive where

governments are weak,

corruption is rampant,

and faith in government

institutions is low.

N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y

balance of power. We will assist regional part-

ners in strengthening their institutions and

capabilities, including in law enforcement, to

conduct counterterrorism and counterinsur-

gency efforts. We will help partners procure

interoperable missile defense and other capa-

bilities to better defend against active missile

threats. We will work with partners to neutral-

ize Iran’s malign activities in the region.

South and Central Asia

With over a quarter of the world’s population, a

fi fth of all U.S.-designated terrorist groups, several

fast-growing economies, and two nuclear-armed

states, South and Central Asia present some of the

most complicated national security challenges

and opportunities. The region spans the terrorist

threats emanating from the Middle East and the

competition for power unfolding in Europe and

the Indo-Pacific. The United States continues to

face threats from transnational terrorists and mili-

tants operating from within Pakistan. Th e prospect

for an Indo-Pakistani military conflict that could

lead to a nuclear exchange remains a key concern

requiring consistent diplomatic att ention.

U.S. interests in the region include countering ter-

rorist threats that impact the security of the U.S.

homeland and our allies, preventing cross-border

terrorism that raises the prospect of military and

nuclear tensions, and preventing nuclear weap-

ons, technology, and materials from falling into

the hands of terrorists. We seek an American pres-

ence in the region proportionate to threats to the

homeland and our allies. We seek a Pakistan that is

not engaged in destabilizing behavior and a stable

and self-reliant Afghanistan. And we seek Central

Asian states that are resilient against domination

by rival powers, are resistant to becoming jihad-

ist safe havens, and prioritize reforms.

Priority Actions

POLITICAL:

We will deepen our strategic partner-

ship with India and support its leadership role

in Indian Ocean security and throughout the

broader region. We will press Pakistan to inten-

sify its counterterrorism efforts, since no part-

nership can survive a country’s support for mil-

itants and terrorists who target a partner’s own

service members and officials. The United States

will also encourage Pakistan to continue demon-

strating that it is a responsible steward of its

nuclear assets. We will continue to partner with

Afghanistan to promote peace and security in the

region. We will continue to promote anti-corrup-

tion reform in Afghanistan to increase the legit-

imacy of its government and reduce the appeal of

violent extremist organizations. We will help South

Asian nations maintain their sovereignty as China

increases its inf luence in the region.

ECONOMIC:

We will encourage the economic inte-

gration of Central and South Asia to promote

prosperity and economic linkages that will bol-

ster connectivity and trade. And we will encour-

age India to increase its economic assistance

in the region. In Pakistan, we will build trade

and investment ties as security improves and as

Pakistan demonstrates that it will assist the United

States in our counterterrorism goals.

M I L I TA RY A N D S E C U R I T Y:

We are committed to

supporting the Afghan government and security

forces in their fi ght against the Taliban, al-Qa’ida,

ISIS, and other terrorists. We will bolster the

fighting strength of the Afghan security forces

to convince the Taliban that they cannot win on

the battlefield and to set the conditions for diplo-

matic efforts to achieve enduring peace. We will

insist that Pakistan take decisive action against

militant and terrorist groups operating from its

soil. We will work with the Central Asian states

to guarantee access to the region to support our

counterterrorism efforts.

T H E S T R A T E G Y I N A R E G I O N A L C O N T E X T

Western Hemisphere

Stable, friendly, and prosperous states in the

Western Hemisphere enhance our security and

benefit our economy. Democratic states con-

nected by shared values and economic interests

will reduce the violence, drug traffi cking, and ille-

gal immigration that threaten our common secu-

rity, and will limit opportunities for adversar-

ies to operate from areas of close proximity to us.

In the last half century, parts of this hemisphere

were marred by dictatorships and insurgencies

that killed tens of thousands of people. Today,

this region stands on the cusp of prosperity and

peace, built upon democracy and the rule of law.

U.S. trade in the region is thriving and market

opportunities for American goods and services,

energy and infrastructure projects, and foreign

direct investment continue to expand.

Challenges remain, however. Transnational crim-

inal organizations—including gangs and cartels—

perpetuate violence and corruption, and threaten

the stability of Central American states includ-

ing Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. In

Venezuela and Cuba, governments cling to anach-

ronistic leftist authoritarian models that con-

tinue to fail their people. Competitors have found

operating space in the hemisphere.

China seeks to pull the region into its orbit through

state-led investments and loans. Russia contin-

ues its failed politics of the Cold War by bolster-

ing its radical Cuban allies as Cuba continues to

repress its citizens. Both China and Russia sup-

port the dictatorship in Venezuela and are seek-

ing to expand military linkages and arms sales

across the region. The hemisphere’s democratic

states have a shared interest in confronting threats

to their sovereignty.

Canada and the United States share a unique

strategic and defense partnership. The United

States also has important and deepening rela-

tions with key countries in the region. Together,

we will build a stable and peaceful hemisphere

that increases economic opportunities for all,

improves governance, reduces the power of crim-

inal organizations, and limits the malign influ-

ence of non-hemispheric forces.

Priority Actions

POLITICAL:

We will catalyze regional eff orts to build

security and prosperity through strong diplomatic

engagement. We will isolate governments that

refuse to act as responsible partners in advancing

hemispheric peace and prosperity . We look forward

to the day when the people of Cuba and Venezuela

can enjoy freedom and the benefi ts of shared pros-

perity, and we encourage other free states in the

hemisphere to support this shared endeavor.

ECONOMIC:

We will modernize our trade agree-

ments and deepen our economic ties with the

region and ensure that trade is fair and reciprocal.

We will encourage further market-based economic

reforms and encourage transparency to create con-

ditions for sustained prosperity. We will ensure

the U.S. fi nancial system does not serve as a haven

or transit point for criminal proceeds.

MILITARY AND SECURITY:

We will build upon local

efforts and encourage cultures of lawfulness to

reduce crime and corruption, including by sup-

porting local efforts to professionalize police and

other security forces; strengthen the rule of law

and undertake judicial reform; and improve infor-

mation sharing to target criminals and corrupt

leaders and disrupt illicit trafficking.

N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y

Africa

Africa remains a continent of promise and endur-

ing challenges. Africa contains many of the world’s

fastest growing economies, which represent poten-

tial new markets for U.S. goods and services.

Aspiring partners across the continent are eager

to build market-based economies and enhance sta-

bility . Th e demand for quality American exports is

high and will likely grow as Africa’s population and

prosperity increase. People across the continent are

demanding government accountability and less

corruption, and are opposing autocratic trends. Th e

number of stable African nations has grown since

the independence era as numerous countries have

emerged from devastating confl icts and undergone

democratic transitions.

Despite this progress, many states face political

turbulence and instability that spills into other

regions. Corruption and weak governance threaten

to undermine the political

benefits that should emerge

from new economic opportu-

nities. Many African states

are battlegrounds for vio-

lent extremism and jihad-

ist terrorists. ISIS, al-Qa’ida,

and their affiliates oper-

ate on the continent and

have increased the lethal-

ity of their attacks, expanded

into new areas, and targeted

U.S. citizens and interests.

African nations and regional

organizations have demon-

strated a commitment to confront the threat

from jihadist terrorist organizations, but their

security capabilities remain weak.

China is expanding its economic and military

presence in Africa, growing from a small inves-

tor in the continent two decades ago into Africa’s

largest trading partner today. Some Chinese prac-

tices undermine Africa’s long-term development

by corrupting elites, dominating extractive indus-

tries, and locking countries into unsustainable

and opaque debts and commitments.

The United States seeks sovereign African states

that are integrated into the world economy, able

to provide for their citizens’ needs, and capable of

managing threats to peace and security . Improved

governance in these states supports economic

development and opportunities, diminishes the

att raction of illegal migration, and reduces vulner-

ability to extremists, thereby reducing instability .

Priority Actions

POLITICAL:

The United States will partner with

governments, civil society, and regional organi-

zations to end long-running, violent conflicts.

We will encourage reform, working with prom-

ising nations to promote effective governance,

improve the rule of law, and

develop institutions account-

able and responsive to cit-

izens. We will continue to

respond to humanitarian

needs while also working

with committ ed governments

and regional organizations

to address the root causes of

human suffering. If neces-

sary, we are prepared to sanc-

tion government officials

and institutions that prey

on their citizens and com-

mit atrocities. When there is

no alternative, we will suspend aid rather than

see it exploited by corrupt elites.

ECONOMIC:

We will expand trade and commercial

ties to create jobs and build wealth for Americans

and Africans. We will work with reform-oriented

governments to help establish conditions that can

transform them into trading partners and improve

We will encourage reform,

working with promising nations

to promote eff ective governance,

improve the rule of law, and

develop institutions accountable

and responsive to citizens.

T H E S T R A T E G Y I N A R E G I O N A L C O N T E X T

their business environment. We will support eco-

nomic integration among African states. We will

work with nations that seek to move beyond assis-

tance to partnerships that promote prosperity.

We will offer American goods and services, both

because it is profi table for us and because it serves

as an alternative to China’s often extractive eco-

nomic footprint on the continent.

MILITARY AND SECURITY:

We will continue to work

with partners to improve the ability of their secu-

rity services to counter terrorism, human traf-

ficking, and the illegal trade in arms and natural

resources. We will work with partners to defeat

terrorist organizations and others who threaten

U.S. citizens and the homeland.

Conclusion

Th is National Security Strategy sets a positive strategic direction for the United

States that is meant to reassert America’s advantages on the world stage and to

build upon our country’s great strengths. During the Trump Administration,

the American people can be confi dent that their security and prosperity will

always come fi rst. A secure, prosperous, and free America will be strong and

ready to lead abroad to protect our interests and our way of life.

merica’s renewed strategic confidence

is anchored in our recommitment to

the principles inscribed in our found-

ing documents. The National Security Strategy

celebrates and protects what we hold dear—

individual liberty, the rule of law, a democratic

system of government, tolerance, and opportunity

for all. By knowing ourselves and what we stand

for, we clarify what we must defend and we estab-

lish guiding principles for our actions.

This strategy is guided by principled real-

ism. It is realist because it acknowledges the

central role of power in international poli-

tics, affirms that sovereign states are the best

hope for a peaceful world, and clearly defines

our national interests. It is principled because

it is grounded in the knowledge that advanc-

ing American principles spreads peace and

prosperity around the globe. We are guided

by our values and disciplined by our interests.

Th is Administration has a bright vision of America’s

future. America’s values and influence, under-

writt en by American power, make the world more

free, secure, and prosperous.

Our Nation derives its strength from the American

people. Every American has a role to play in this

grand, national effort to implement this America

First National Security Strategy. Together, our task

is to strengthen our families, to build up our com-

munities, to serve our citizens, and to celebrate

American greatness as a shining example to the

world. We will leave our children and grandchil-

dren a Nation that is stronger, bett er, freer, prouder,

and greater than ever before.

N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y

56

Notes

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