Option 1 The essence and content of the term philosophy

2. What is ontology?
Key words: Existence, non-existence, presence, Wolff, matter, attribute, consciousness, movement, space, time, perception
Ontology is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of existence, reality, and being. It seeks to understand how entities or things exist, what they are made of, their properties, relationships, and categories. In computer science, ontology refers to the formal representation of knowledge in a structured and organized way, using concepts, classes, attributes, and relationships, to enable efficient information retrieval and sharing among different systems and applications.

1)Existence refers to the state or fact of being alive, present, or in existence.

2)Non-existence refers to the absence of something that does not exist.
Presence refers to the state of being present or in a particular place.
3)Wolff is a German philosopher who contributed to the fields of logic, metaphysics, and philosophy of mind.
4)Matter refers to the physical substance that makes up everything in the universe.
5)Attribute refers to a characteristic or feature of an object or entity that helps describe or define it.
6)Consciousness refers to the state of being aware of one's surroundings, thoughts, and feelings.
7)Movement refers to the act of changing position, location, or posture.
8)Space refers to the three-dimensional extent in which objects and events occur.
9)Time refers to the sequence of events in the past, present, and future.
10)Perception refers to the process by which individuals interpret sensory information from their environment.
3.Democratic reforms and state administration in Uzbekistan.
National government system. The principle of separation of powers in independent Uzbekistan. The formation of the multi-party system in Uzbekistan and its importance. Political parties, parliamentary system and its reforms. non-governmental non-commercial organizations and their participation in political, social and economic processes. Activities of self-governing bodies and their role in democratization of society. Concept of further deepening of democratic reforms and development of civil society in Uzbekistan. Ensuring and protecting human rights. Electoral Code.
Uzbekistan has made significant progress in democratic reforms and state administration in recent years. The government of Uzbekistan has taken several steps to achieve this goal, such as constitutional amendments aimed at strengthening human rights and freedoms, the creation of an ombudsman's office, and the establishment of a National Human Rights Centre.
Additionally, there have been efforts to reduce corruption and improve transparency in government institutions. The government has also adopted measures to increase citizen participation in decision-making processes, such as public hearings and consultations on important issues.
Despite these reforms, there are still challenges to overcome, such as ensuring the independence of the judiciary and improving access to justice for all citizens. However, the commitment of the Uzbek government to democratic values and good governance represents a positive step towards a more constructive and accountable state administration.