O‘zmu xabarlari Вестник нууз acta nuuz

O‘ZBEKISTON MILLIY 
UNIVERSITETI
XABARLARI, 2023, [1/4/1]
ISSN 2181-7324 
 
FILOLOGIYA 
https://science.nuu.uz/
 
Social sciences 

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O‘zMU xabarlari Вестник НУУз ACTA NUUz
 
FILOLOGIYA 
1/4/1 2023 
- 279 -
descriptive adjectives, proper nouns, the analysis of which 
allows revealing its associative contours.
The choice of adjectival lexemes as an object of study 
is justified, firstly, by the fact that adjectives express static 
predicates that reflect emotional states, and secondly, of all 
parts of speech, it is adjectives that have the most evaluative 
function. Based on data from a number of synonymous and 
explanatory dictionaries such as The Penguin dictionary of 
English synonyms and antonyms; Longman Dictionary of 
Contemporary English; Macmillan English Dictionary for 
Advanced Learners, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary; 
Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary; Webster's New 
World Dictionary of Synonyms, we selected two synonymous 
series of lexemes representing the concept of “Admiration” in 
English: 
nouns
- admiration, respect, esteem, estimation, 
regard, reverence, deference, veneration, wonder, amazement, 
surprise, astonishment, wonder, approval, praise, approbation, 
appreciation, recofnition, love, liking, delight, adoration, 
pleasure, 
affection, 
adjectives
- 
admirable, 
amazing, 
applaudable, awesome, commendable, creditable, deserving, 
eminent, esteemed, estimable , exemplary, formidable, 
hallowed, honourable, laudable, meritorious, noteworthy, 
praiseworthy, prestigious, redoubtable, reputable, respectable, 
respected, worthy, wonderful, good, worshipful, wondrous, 
excellent, fine, superb, magnificent, splendid, stunning, 
beautiful, entrancing, marvelous, remarkable, brilliant, 
gorgeous.
Of course, this list of adjectives is not complete. In 
English, there is a significant number of adjective lexemes that 
can objectify the concept of “admiration”. The choice of the 
above adjectives is explained by the frequency of use of these 
language units, both in dictionary definitions and in the 
analyzed fiction. 
Referring to dictionary definitions is one of the ways 
of linguistic modeling of the concept, which includes the 
definition of the basic components of its structure and the 
identification of a set of stable links between them. The 
nominees for the emotion “admiration” in English are the 
following lexical units: admiration, admirable, admiring, 
admirer, admirer. 
The analysis of the dictionary definitions of the listed 
lexemes made it possible to identify the following meaningful 
characteristics of the concept “Admiration”: 1) a sense of 
respect; 2) honoring people, famous personalities for their 
deeds, activities, merits; 3) respect for the elderly, respect for 
age; 4) feeling of approval, praise; 5) emotion caused by 
something strange and surprising, unexpected (surprise); 6) 
feeling of sympathy and love; 7) feeling of delight, pleasure 
and pleasure; 8) admiring the beauty of someone / something 
(the beauty of nature, a work of art, a beautiful, young girl); 9) 
love for God, praise of the power and greatness of God. 
According to the analysis, lexemes that nominate the 
emotion “admiration” in English express pleasure, delight, 
approval/praise, respect (esteem), love/sympathy, where the 
element of surprise (wonder) is unconsciously present. This 
fact indicates that the concept of “admiration” has diffuse 
boundaries with such concepts as “Respect”, “Surprise”, 
“Approval/Praise”, 
“Enjoyment/Pleasure”, 
“Delight”, 
“Sympathy/Love”. To obtain information that sheds light on 
the nature of the connection between admiration and the above 
emotions 
(respect, 
surprise, 
approval/praise, 
pleasure/enjoyment, delight, love/sympathy). The results of 
the definitional analysis of these lexical units indicate a close 
connection between such emotional states as “admiration”, 
“respect”, “surprise”, “approval / praise” and allow us to 
consider lexemes that nominate these emotions as quasi-
synonyms, which have a common feature and differ in 
meaning in a complex way. 
In general, the dictionary definitions of lexemes 
admiration, respect, approval, wonder represent them as 
difficult to interpret phenomena. The authors of explanatory 
dictionaries often define admiration as respect, surprise, 
approval/praise and vice versa. In turn, the dictionary 
definitions of the nouns love, delight, pleasure, which 
nominate 
the 
feelings 
of 
love/sympathy, 
delight, 
pleasure/enjoyment, do not contain an indication of the 
emotion "admiration", are not explained through admiration, 
like the emotions of surprise, respect, approval / praise and, 
therefore, are not a mandatory component of the concept 
considered in this study, which is also confirmed by the results 
of contextual analysis. 
In the dissertation research, the concept of 
“admiration” is interpreted as a segmental mental formation, 
in the structure of which the core, its three surrounding 
segments (conceptual areas) and the periphery are 
distinguished. Each of the segments has a name corresponding 
to the name of the emotions that make up the emotional state 
of admiration. Thus, in the structure of the concept under 
study, we distinguish the segments "Respect", "Surprise", 
"Approval/Praise".
The core of the concept is represented by the 
nominating lexemes admiration and admirable, as well as the 
adjectival 
lexeme 
wonderful, 
which 
has 
a 
similar 
lexicographic description with the admirable adjective 
nominee: wonderful - making you admire someone or smth 
very much [LDCE]. Core lexical units in various situations 
actualize all the meaningful characteristics of the concept 
under study, which we distinguish on the basis of the results of 
a definitional analysis of admiration lexemes in the English 
language.
The “Respect” segment is represented by the 
following nominal lexemes: in nouns - respect, esteem, 
estimation, regard, reverence, deference, veneration-, in 
adjectives - respected, respectful, respectable, eminent, 
esteemed, estimable, hallowed, honourable, redoubtable, 
reputable, worthy, worshipful, prestigious. 
The nouns representing this segment have the general 
meaning “a feeling of admiration and respect for somebody or 
something”. Adjectives are combined into one synonymous 
series based on the common meaning of "admired or 
respected". At the heart of this conceptual area is the content 
characteristic of the concept "Admiration" "feeling of respect".
The “Surprise” segment is objectified by the nouns 
amazement, astonishment, wonder, wonderment, surprise with 
the general meaning “a feeling of surprise, admiration or 
pleasure” and the adjectives amazing, awesome, formidable, 
wondrous with the general meaning “inspiring awe or 
admiration or wonder”. This segment actualizes the content 
characteristic "emotion caused by something strange and 
surprising, unexpected (surprise emotion)".
The “Approval/Praise” segment is represented by such 
nouns as approval, praise, approbation, appreciation, 
recognition, which have the general meaning “a feeling or 
expression of approval, commendation, or admiration” and 
adjectival lexemes applaudable, commendable, creditable, 
exemplary, laudable, deserving, meritorious, praiseworthy 
with the general meaning “praise, approval and admiration". 
Lexical units that verbalize the “Approval/Praise” segment 
implement the content characteristic “feeling of approval, 
praise” that underlies this conceptual area.
The periphery is represented by lexical units 
representing in English the feelings of love/sympathy, 
pleasure/enjoyment, delight. Thus, this structural component is 
verbalized by the nouns adoration, affection, love, liking, 
delight, pleasure, which have the following meanings: “an 
emotion of affection, warmth, fondness, liking and regard 
towards a person or thing” (adoration, affection, love, liking ); 

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