Rehabilitation needs of people recovering from COVID-19: scientific brief
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Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) refers to a
range of impairments including physical
deconditioning, and cognitive and mental health
impairments that occur in more than half of
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) survivors. COVID-19
patients who are at higher risk of ICU admission are
also those at higher risk of developing PICS; these
include older persons with increased frailty or
underlying diseases such as diabetes, hypertension,
and other chronic disorders
(34). ICU-acquired
weakness is ubiquitous in survivors of acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as it is in
critically ill COVID-19 patients who required
prolonged sedation
(35–37). Recovery from PICS
may be incomplete at 5 years after ICU discharge
(38). Cognitive impairments range from problems
with memory or attention deficits, to difficulties with expression. Mental health impairments include
anxiety, mood disorders such as depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Interventions for
rehabilitation addressing PICS may include supervised or self-directed physical exercises, ICU diaries,
coping-skills training, cognitive rehabilitation interventions, nutritional supplements, educational sessions,
follow-up consultations, and referral to mental health professionals
(1, 39). These interventions may be
provided through a comprehensive inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation program or continued follow-
up from an outpatient rehabilitation setting or outreach program closer to the patient’s community.
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