Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs International Energy Agency Eurostat European Environment Agency


ENV4-1: Contaminant discharges in liquid effluents from energy systems



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ENV4-1: Contaminant discharges in liquid effluents from energy systems 
Brief Definition 
Contaminant discharges in liquid effluents from all 
energy-related activities, including the discharge of 
cooling waters, which can raise the temperature of 
the watercourse 
Units 
Kilograms (kg) or milligrams (mg) per litre 
Alternative Definitions 
Mass emission or concentration in the discharge 
Agenda 21 
Chapter 17: Protection of the oceans, all kinds of 
seas, including enclosed and semi-enclosed seas, 
and coastal areas and the protection, rational use 
and development of their living resources 
Chapter 18: Protection of the quality and supply of 
freshwater resources: application of integrated 
approaches to the development, management and 
use of water resources 
POLICY RELEVANCE 
(a) Purpose: The purpose of this indicator is to monitor the discharge of harmful 
pollutants from energy industries, particularly coal mining and oil extraction, into 
rivers, lakes and marine waters. 
(b) Relevance to Sustainable Development: Fresh water is a scarce resource in 
many parts of the world and needs to be used wisely to ensure and maintain 
sustainable quantities of good-quality supplies. Fresh water is used as a source for 
potable supply, arable crop irrigation and drinking water for farm animals and is the 
habitat for plants, fish species and other wildlife. Polluted water can have a direct 
impact on human health and on the ability of livestock and crops to thrive, resulting in 
sickly livestock, lower yields and, depending on the pollutant, contaminated farm 
produce. 
The marine environment is also an important habitat for aquatic life and an important 
resource for fishing, aquaculture, tourism and recreation. 
Freshwater and marine environments are often fragile habitats, and avoiding the 
destruction of these habitats is a priority for ensuring a sustainable future. 

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