Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs International Energy Agency Eurostat European Environment Agency



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(e) Linkages to Other Indicators: This indicator is linked to the use of non-
commercial fuels, to energy prices and to several indicators of the social dimension, 
such as income inequality, share of household income spent on fuel and electricity, 
energy use relative to income level, urbanization, etc. The indicator might indirectly 
reflect a related use of forest resources as fuelwood, which in turn could cause 
deforestation. 
METHODOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION 
(a) Underlying Definitions and Concepts: Consumption of traditional fuels refers to 
the non-commercial consumption of fuelwood, charcoal, bagasse, and animal and 
vegetable wastes. Total household energy use might comprise commercial energy as 
well as traditional (non-commercial) fuels. 
Households choose among energy options on the basis of fuel accessibility and 
affordability, the household’s socioeconomic characteristics and attitudes, and the 
attributes of the different fuels. Lack of access to commercial energy implies 
unsatisfied energy requirements or the use of traditional fuels. If commercial energy 
services and electricity are available, income is the main characteristic that appears to 
influence a household’s choice of fuel. Different income groups use different fuels, 
and the poor in many developing countries to a great extent meet their energy demand 
using traditional biomass fuels, either because of a lack of access to commercial 
energy services or because of limited income. National shares of traditional fuel in 
total energy use do not accurately reflect this indicator, as the average figures may 
strongly differ from corresponding figures for each income group of the population. 
Therefore, the preferred indicator is the percentage of households or population with 


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no access to commercial energy options, or heavily dependent on ‘traditional’ non-
commercial energy options, such as wood, crop wastes and animal dung. 

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