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institutions. However, both the International Energy Agency (IEA) and Eurostat have
recently started collecting these data, where available, from their respective member
countries. The World Bank has sponsored many one-time household surveys in
developing countries, focusing either on rural or urban areas. In addition to survey
results, data on energy-using equipment are sometimes available from electric and gas
utilities, as well as from sales statistics from electric and gas appliance manufacturers.
REFERENCES
• EEA, 2002.
Energy and Environment in the European Union. Environmental
issue report no. 31. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Environment Agency.
• IEA, 1997.
Indicators of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency. Paris, France:
International Energy Agency (IEA)/Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD).
• IEA, 2004.
Oil Crises and Climate Challenges: 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA
Countries. Paris, France: International Energy Agency.
• IEA, various editions.
Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries. Paris,
France: International Energy Agency.
• IEA, various editions.
Energy Balances of OECD Countries. Paris, France:
International Energy Agency.
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