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3.2 
Unintegrated and integrated outer texts 
According to Wiegand (1998: 299), every dictionary has a genuine purpose. 
Outer texts can be classified according to their contribution to the achievement 
of the genuine purpose of the dictionary. An unintegrated outer text is not inte-
grated into the genuine purpose of the dictionary. However, these unintegrated 
outer texts can "also serve a purpose as functional texts and they have their 
own genuine purpose, not identical to that of the dictionary but also important 
to ensure the eventual successful use of the dictionary" (Gouws 2002: 474). Ex-
amples of unintegrated outer texts are the title page, introduction, foreword, 
etc. 
Another example of an unintegrated outer text with its own genuine pur-
pose is the Language Awareness Notes in Macmillan English Dictionary for Ad-
vanced Learners. This additional text consists of eleven subtexts and is inserted 
into the central word list. It functions as a twice partially extended complex 
outer text. The Language Awareness Notes is preceded by two subtexts: an ex-
planatory note and a table of contents. These secondary outer texts give imme-
diate access to this unintegrated text and encourage the user and teacher to use 
the language tools included in the main text. 
LANGUAGE 
AWARENESS 
These pages are designed to give up-to-date information on topics 
that are relevant to everyone who has any interest in the way the 
English language is being used at the beginning of the 21st century. 
They have all been written by people who are experts in the field they 
are writing about here; indeed, most of the authors have published 
more detailed work, which you might like to read if you find these 
pages interesting. They are intended to give you a deeper 
understanding of such areas as Spoken Discourse, Metaphor, and 
Pragmatics, all of which are crucial for users of the English 
language. Our aim is to encourage you to think about the language, 
and to realize what an exciting tool it is when you can use it with 
confidence. There is a lot of food for thought on these pages, and 
teachers will find there is plenty of scope in these topics for 
classroom activities and discussion.