Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (copd)

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 

Disease (COPD)

COPD is a common lung 

disease. There are 2 main 

types of COPD:

•  Emphysema involves 

the alveoli or small air 

sacs being irritated. 

Over time the air sacs 

get stiff and will not 

let oxygen into and 

carbon dioxide out of 

your blood.

•  Chronic bronchitis 

involves the large and 

small airways getting 

swollen and full of 

mucus. The mucus can block the airways and make it hard to breathe.

Many people with COPD have both types. 

This disease develops over years. Treatment can ease signs and keep the 

disease from getting worse.

Causes

The leading causes of COPD are:

•  Smoking

•  Working in a polluted environment where you breathe in large

amounts of dust, fumes, smoke or gases

•  Second hand smoke

Throat  

(pharynx)

Esophagus  

(to stomach)

Bronchus (large 

airway)

Alveoli

Bronchioles 

(small airways)

Diaphragm

Right 

lung

Left 

lung

Tongue

Trachea 

(windpipe)

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).  Bosnian.

Hronična opstruktivna bolest 

pluća (HOBP)

HOBP spada u česta

oboljenja pluća. Postoje 2

osnovne vrste  HOBP-a:

•  Emfizem uništava 

alveole ili male 

zračne mjehuriće.

Vremenom vazdušni 

mjehurići otvrdnu i ne

dozvoljavaju da kisik 

dospije u krv, niti da  

karbon-dioksid izađe

iz krvi.

•  Hronični bronhitis 

je oticanje malih i 

velikih disajnih kanala 

i njihovo zakrečenje šlajmom. Šlajm može zatvoriti disajne puteve i

otežati disanje.

Mnoge osobe oboljele od HOBP-a imaju obje ove bolesti. 

Ova bolest vremenom napreduje. Liječenje može ublažiti simptome i

pomoći da se bolest drži pod kontrolom.

Uzroci

Vodeći uzroci HOBP-a su:

•  pušenje

•  rad u zagađenoj okolini gdje se udišu velike količine prašine,

izduvnih gasova, dima i plinova

•  pasivno pušenje

Grlo  

(farinks)

Jednjak  

(prema želucu)

Primarne bronhije 

(veliki disajni kanal)

Alveole

Sekundarne bronije

(mali disajni kanali)

Dijafragma

Desno 

plućno 

krilo

Lijevo 

plućno 

krilo

Jęzik

Traheja 

(dušnik)

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Signs

The signs of COPD are:

•  Ongoing cough with or without mucus

•  Wheezing

•  Feeling short of breath that gets worse with activity

•  Chest tightness

These signs can be serious enough to affect your daily activities.

Your Care

Your doctor will do a medical exam and order tests such as:

•  Pulmonary function test to see how well your lungs are working

•  Chest x-ray

•  CT scan

•  Blood test

The damage to your lungs from COPD cannot be reversed and there is 

no cure. With the help of your health care team, you can manage the

disease to slow its progress. To manage your COPD:

•  Stay active.

•  Quit smoking.

•  Maintain a healthy weight.

•  Eat a balanced diet.

•  Drink a lot of fluids.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).  Bosnian.

Simptomi

Simptomi HOBP-a su:

•  neprestan kašalj sa ili bez šlajma

•  pištanje

•  osjećaj kratkoće daha koji se pogorša prilikom uključivanja u

aktivnosti

•  stezanje u prsima

Ovi simptomi mogu biti dovoljno ozbiljni da utiču na Vaše dnevne

aktivnosti.

Vaša njega

Vaš ljekar će obaviti pregled i tražiti da se urade nalazi poput:

•  ispitivanja funkcije pluća kako bi se utvrdilo da li pluća pravilno

funkcionišu

•  rentgen pluća

•  CT skeniranje

•  nalaz krvi

Oštećenje Vaših pluća HOBP-om se ne može sanirati i za to nema lijeka.

Uz pomoć Vašeg tima za zdravstvenu njegu, možete uticati na to da

bolest sporije napreduje. Da bi ste to postigli:

•  ostanite aktivni

•  prestanite pušiti

•  održavajte zdravu težinu

•  balansirajte ishranu

•  pijte puno tečnosti

2007 – 11/2011 Health Information Translations

Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from www.healthinfotranslations.org for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information 

found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or 

other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. The Ohio State University

Medical Center, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children’s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of

your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment.

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•  Control stress.

•  Take your medicines such as inhalers, steroids and antibiotics as

ordered.

•  Do home oxygen therapy if ordered.

•  Attend a pulmonary rehab program to learn about COPD and exercise

to improve your health.

•  Get a flu shot each year and talk to your doctor about getting a

pneumonia shot.

•  Get treatment right away if you get a cold or other infection in your

nose or lungs.

Talk to your health care team about your questions and concerns.

2007 – 11/2011 Health Information Translations

Unless otherwise stated, user may print or download information from www.healthinfotranslations.org for personal, non-commercial use only. The medical information 

found on this website should not be used in place of a consultation with your doctor or other health care provider. You should always seek the advice of your doctor or 

other qualified health care provider before you start or stop any treatment or with any questions you may have about a medical condition. The Ohio State University

Medical Center, Mount Carmel Health System, OhioHealth and Nationwide Children’s Hospital are not responsible for injuries or damages you may incur as a result of

your stopping medical treatment or your failure to obtain medical treatment.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).  Bosnian.

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•  kontrolišite stres

•  uzimajte lijekove kao što su lijekovi za inhalaciju, steroidi i

antibiotici onako kako su propisani

•  primjenjujte kućnu terapiju kisikom ako je to propisano

•  posjetite program plućne rehabilitacije da naučite o HOBP-u i

vježbajte kako bi ste poboljšali svoje zdravlje

•  svake godine se vakcinišite protiv gripe i posavjetujte sa svojim

ljekarom o dobijanju vakcine protiv upale pluća

•  ako se prehladite ili dobijete neku drugu vrstu upale nosa ili pluća,

smjesta tražite liječenje

Ako imate bilo kakvih  pitanja ili briga, posavjetujte se sa svojim 

ljekarom ili medicinskom sestrom.