Jumaeva nasiba komil qizi lexical and semantic characteristics of hyponomic relations in words in english and

juice represents the upper level through the words fruit juice, herbal juice, 
vegetables juice, while the words orange juice, mandarin juice, and tropican 
orange juice  represent the lower level.
If one type of X is U, then X can be used instead of U in the sentence, but if 
the types of X are U, A, V, S, they cannot be used interchangeably
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. They are 
called co-hyponyms. For example, the words pen, pensil, ruler, easer are 
hyponyms of each other, they are hyponyms of the word "study tool", but they are 
not used interchanngeably. In this place the above given example also can suitable
for situation.
Hyponymy and taxonymy are transitive if X, and X
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. Relations 
in this content are manifested in classical syllogisms. For example, 
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Cruse D.A. Lexical Semantics. – Cambridge University Press, 1986. –P. 285-293 . 
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Murphy.M.L. Hyponymy and hyperonymy. University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. 1986. - P. 446 

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A cherry is a type of tree. 
A tree is a type of plant. 
A cherry is a type of plant 
However, some units represent a "type" diagnostic for hyponymy, but cannot 
be a suitable example of a syllogism. 
Laptop is a type of computer. 
A computer is a type of office equipment. 
Laptop is a type of office equipment. 
There are two sentences in the given examples contain arguments that is not 
proper into a syllogism. The word "laptop" in the first sentence is a correct 
sentence that describes a typical computer. In the second sentence, different 
functions and criteria of "laptop" can be understood. Another issue of examples 1 
and 2 can also be observed, that is, the types of interaction in them cannot be 
equivalent to each other. The first sentence represents a taxonomic hyponymy or 
taxonomy sentence which means that what the laptop is, while the second sentence 
shows what the computer is used for and its function. All terms can have two 
different types of hyperonyms. For example, the word giraffe has two hyperonyms, 
the taxonomic meaning animal or living thing and the functional hyponymy 
meaning wild animal. Or another example such as water has two hyperonyms, the 
taxonomic meaning liquid and functional hyponymy meaning drinking liquid. 
Reciprocity in syllogism is observed only in taxonomic hyponym. 
The analysis of 
f hyponymy showed that certain subtypes (e.g. agent-based, 
patient-based, result-based, method-based, degree-based) closely correlated with 
process-related semantic categories (e.g. activity, phenomenon, process, change of 
state). On the other hand, other hyponymy subtypes (e.g. composition-based, 
technology-based, function-based) were directly linked to entity-related semantic 
categories (e.g. substance, landform, construction, instrument). Furthermore, the 
results also demonstrated that a distinction can be made between relational 
hyponymy subtypes (i.e. those involving another concept, like agent-based, 
resultbased or location-based) and attributional hyponymy subtypes (i.e. those 

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involving the intrinsic characteristics of the concept, like shape-based, texturebased 
or moisture-based). Relational hyponymy subtypes were generally associated with 
processes, whilst attributional hyponymy subtypes were mainly related to entities. 
In addition, further distinctions were made not only depending on whether 
concepts were entities or processes, but also between natural and artificial 
concepts. In this line, some hyponymy subtypes were shown to be mostly 
exclusive to natural concepts (e.g. origin-based, state-based, time-based), whereas 
other hyponymy subtypes were generally attributed to artificial concepts (e.g. 
function-based, technology-based, weight-based).
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Let’s we will consider some 
examples according to hyponymic categories. 
1. 
Type of hyponymy (transport): 
a) 
The ship Titanic was due to leave at half past eleven. 
b) 
When they got out of the cart. 
A “ship” is defined as a small vessel for travel on water. Vessel is here 
synonymous to transport. While, “car”t is synonymous open wheeled transport, 
which is without a doubt it a kind of a transportation. Hence, these two words are 
classified as transportation hyponymy. 
2. 
Type of hyponymy (transport): “velosiped, traktor, samolyot, 
mashina, mototsikl, yuk mashina, poyezd, metro”like words in 
Uzbek language. 
a) Farmon bibining ikki nabirasiga uch oyoqli velosiped 
sovg’a qildi. 
3. 
Type of hyponymy (occupation) 
b) 
And an old seamen in a jersey command his mariners.
c) 
Such a very nice stewardess and pilot came to meet 
the passengers in a plan before flying. 
A “sailor and mariners” are a traveler by water while, a stewardess is a 
woman who performs the duties of a steward, especially one who attends 
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Juan Carlos Gil Berrozpe. Corpus-Based Identification Of Hyponymy Subtypes And Knowledge Patterns In The 
Environmental Domain. Universidad De Granada. Máster Universitario En Traducción Profesiona. 2017. - P.9-12 

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passengers (as on an airplane). The words “seamen and mariner” and “stewardess