Mirror
Legacies for Early Modern Japan
281
The Water Mirror
, but even more so because it exposes how intertwined
kanbun
and
wabun
writing could be in this period. Moreover,
The Water
Mirror
, despite being mostly in
kana
, is shown to be a perfectly accept-
able source of material for a history that aims at orthodoxy.
13
This suggests
that
Mirrors
, regardless of their written register, have achieved a certain
stature as a genre for articulating the past. It also demonstrates their
potential for ongoing engagement with one another, providing further
evidence
that content, or a particular intellectual commitment—the
presentation of the ordered transmission of power within an institution—
rather
than language,
is what makes a
Mirror
a “Mirror.”
Integrating these developments into a broader picture that includes
other fourteenth- and fifteenth-century writings provides additional use-
ful context for understanding the
Mirrors
’ development. These centuries
witness a shift in expectations of what
Mirrors
might reveal, as they move
gradually from apologetic presentations of partially remembered trans-
missions with a contained chronological scope to detailed, expansive pre-
sentations of information. This appears to be connected to a semantic
widening with regard to the nature of what a
Mirror
is intended to re-
flect. Looking back at the ways actual mirrors were deployed in the
Mir-
rors
and other texts under discussion, it is never the case that the surface
reflects the object directly in front of it. There is Masako’s dream vision
of the magic mirror in
The Mirror of the East
; and before that, in
The
China Mirror
, Taizong’s mirror is alluded to as something that provides
lessons from the past, not an image of what stands before it. Although
Muj
ū
Ichien’s (1226–1312)
Tsuma kagami
(Mirror for Women, written in
1300) does not use the past to teach, it likewise frames a longer medita-
tion on Buddhist teachings as a
Mirror
of “precepts.”
14
Physical mirrors
is
subsumed and unacknowledged is particularly noteworthy. My understanding of the
Taiheiki
derives
from Helen McCullough,
Taiheiki
.
13. Moreover, the passages from
The Water Mirror
are visually indistinct from the
rest
of the text in
hentai kanbun
.
14. Mujū Ichien,
Mujū tsuma kagami
, 264. See also Morrell, “Mirror for Women:
Tsuma Kagami
,” 75. Designating the work a “popular religious tract (
kana hōgo
),” Mor-
rell also suggests that its title may be a reference to
The Mirror of the East
, but the work’s
similarities with the historiographic
Mirrors
end with the name and the general Bud-
dhist orientation (“Mirror for Women: Mujū Ichien’s
Tsuma Kagami
,” 45 and 48).
Honchō shojaku mokuroku
includes a listing of an eight-scroll
Hōkyō
(Mirror of the Law)
under the “Miscellany” heading, but I have been unable to identify the text or its puta-
tive author, Taikaku (Fujiwara no Sanefuyu,
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