Refuge in the Past during the Final Age
75
region.”
121
The New Mirror
was facing a world in which not only was so-
cial unrest on the rise, but the morality of writing was increasingly called
into question.
The
Genji ippon kyō
(One-Volume Sutra on the Genji, written circa
1176), a work by the Tendai monk Ch
ō
ken (1126–1203, brother of the
author of
China Tales
), is now the most famous of the textual condemna-
tions of Murasaki.
122
However, for a broader sense of the world of sins
that a twelfth-century audience had to navigate, there may be no better
source than Taira no Yasuyori’s (dates unclear)
Hōbutsushū
(Collected
Treasures, written circa 1179), a work that bears an unmistakable structural
resemblance to
The Great Mirror
.
123
Most striking of the similarities is
the parallel that Yamada Sh
ō
zen identifies in how
Collected Treasures
unfolds at a temple as part of a three-way exchange between “narrator,
audience, and scribe.”
124
Yamada does not mention
The New Mirror
, but
the similarity also holds true for it. If
Collected Treasures
speaks even in-
directly to the world of
The Great Mirror
, then it speaks to the world of
The New Mirror
, too. This makes it a useful reference point in mapping
a potential worldview for elite twelfth-century audiences.
To return to the issue of navigating a sin-free existence amid the
worldly disorder of the day and with the knowledge of having entered
the final age of the dharma,
Collected Treasures
takes up the question of
keeping the five lay precepts as part of a larger discussion of twelve ap-
proaches to Buddhahood. The speaker first notes the necessity of proof
of the efficacy of this method, and then the precepts are gone through
121. Harper, “Obsequies for
Genji
,” 178. See also Harper’s discussion of “false
speech” as one of the “ten evils” (ibid., 177). On the beginnings of the characterization of
Murasaki as sinful, see Marra,
Representations of Power
, 95.
122. Marra writes: “As early as the twelfth century, monk Chōken (1126–1203) ac-
cused Murasaki Shikibu . . . of immorality in a pamphlet entitled
Genji Ippon Kyō
(
The
One-Volume Sutra on Genji
, 1168), condemning her to suffer the pains of hell because of
the corruptive nature of her literary work” (
Representations of Power
, 96). In the dating,
I follow Hakamada, “Genji ippon kyō,” 217–18.
123. Koizumi and Yamada,
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