THE 3
rd
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES OF STUDENTS AND YOUNG RESEARCHERS
dedicated to the 99
th
anniversary of the National Leader of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev
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of hydrogen, it has been used in industrial processes for a long time, thus being
easy to handle.
However, nowadays, hydrogen production
mainly depends on fossil
fuels which cause a large emission of CO2. Nevertheless, this problem has
been handled by the method of using renewable energies to produce
hydrogen (No CO2 emission). Consuming electricity energy from wind farms,
solar parks, or runoff river plants in so-called Power to Gas plants to produce
hydrogen. The technology used is water electrolysis. This process is a
chemical reaction, direct current at an anode and cathode splits water into
hydrogen and oxygen. Both gases are separated, dried, and then ready for
its use. It is a mature technology and commercially available on small scale.
Hydrogen produced by this process has the same features as kerosene or
diesel, but it is carbon neutral.
Taking into account that considerable growth and technological
developments have been observed in the sector of offshore wind, hydrogen is
capable of being mingled with offshore wind energy so as to help overcome
challenges namely, the losses of transmission and high electrical transmission
system installation costs. Hydrogen can be a significant solution to the problem
of energy storage, where energy is generated by transportable fuel cells of
green hydrogen when it is needed within a carbon-dioxide-free process.
Roughly 5% of the electricity of the world is generated by wind power, with the
majority of installations taking place on land. Nonetheless, wind with higher
speed and consistency
can be observed offshore, which contributes to an
increase in the energy production per each wind turbine installed. The
downsides include technical issues and increased costs because of the harsh
sea conditions. The main challenge is the transportation of the electricity back
to shore, traditional AC (alternating current) power cables have larger
capacitance and consequently greater energy losses than overhead lines
while more recent High Voltage Direct Current systems remain costly since
the power converters are required at each end of the transmission line. Given
that gas transportation in a pipeline suffers far fewer losses (0.1%) than
electricity traveling
through an underwater wire, a case can be made for
producing hydrogen offshore and transporting it to shore via pipelines. An
offshore pipeline costs more per unit length than an offshore cable from an
economic standpoint. The energy transmission capacity of the pipeline, on the
other hand, is greater than that of the cable, resulting in cheaper normalized
pipeline capital expenditures when compared to a comparable offshore
electrical cable to transport the same energy.
As a result, it is considered to be a more beneficial and eco-friendlier
way of generating energy for the humanity and environment. Since these two
renewable sources seem to be doing well together, the world should take
advantage of this opportunity.