JAMES H MITTELMAN
South East Asian Nations (
ASEAN
) and the Southern African Development
Community. Regional divisions of labour are of course not static but change
rapidly, re¯ ecting expansion and contraction in production in different locales,
the instantaneous movement of ® nance, the coalescence of production and trade
networks, as well as the consolidation of production and distribution systems.
Though a diminished actor relative to global forces, the state facilitates the
reorganisation of production, and the interstate system remains an important
point of reference in an integrated world society. With proper timing during a
period when the world economy was robust, state interventions promoted
remarkable economic growth in East Asia’ s newly industrialising economies
(
NIE
s)Ð Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and TaiwanÐ marked to varying degrees
by fragmented and weak indigenous classes which have allowed the military and
bureaucracy to control state apparatuses.
14
By such activities as coaxing foreign
investors, ensuring ample quantities of scienti® c and engineering labour power,
and offering a generous tax policy, the state in Singapore has played a key role
in the country’s `free market’ economy. To industrialise and attain upward
mobility beginning with the
IDL
and during the
NIDL
, as well as to manage the
GDL
, the state in East Asia has deliberately gotten the prices `wrong’ through
incentives and subsidies to local business.
15
To adjust to globalisation, some states have adopted an export-processing
zone (
EPZ
) or a
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