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language units, expressive means and stylistics devices peculiar to a given writer, which
makes that writer’s works or even utterances easily recognisable.
Practical stylistics is the stylistics that proceeds from the norms of language usage
at a given period and teaches these
norms to language speakers, especially the ones,
dealing with the language professionally (editors, publishers, writers, journalists,
teachers, etc.).
From practical point of view stylistics is a science which provides a guide and
recommendations aimed at ensuring that
speech is not only correct, precise and clear,
but at the same time expressive and addressed not only to the hearer’s intellect but to his
feelings as well.
This practical emphasis in stylistics presupposes the existence of definite norms
that have taken shape as the result of the selection from the whole range of language
means of definite patterns recognised by the majority of native speakers as the most
suitable for a particular situation of verbal communication.
The norm, therefore, should be regarded as
the invariant of the phonetic,
morphological, lexical and syntactical patterns circulating in language-in-action at a
given period of time.
In stylistics they distinguish expressive means of a language and stylistics devices.
The expressive means of a language are those phonetic, morphological, word-
building, lexical, phraseological and syntactical forms which exist in language-as-a-
system for the purpose of logical and/or emotional intensification of the utterance.
Stylistics studies the
expressive means of language, but from a special angle. It
takes into account the modifications of meanings which various expressive means
undergo when they are used in different functional styles.
Stylistic device is a conscious and intentional intensification of some typical
structural or semantic language unit that becomes a generative model. It follows then
that a stylistics device is an abstract pattern into which any content can be poured.
According to the structural hierarchy of language levels,
suggested by a well-
known Belgian linguist E. Bienveniste in 1962 we distinguish the following groups of
SD:
1.
phonetic SD,
2.
morphemic SD,
3.
lexical SD,
4.
syntactical SD,
5.
lexico-syntactical SD.
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