6
1. Special political and economic terms:
president, General Assembly,
constitution, market economy, negotiations
); 2. Newspaper clichés: e.g.
danger of war,
vital issue, to pay a visit
; 3. Abbreviations: e.g.
UNO, NATO, PM;
4. Neologisms: e.g.
netbook, hypermilers,
Korea's Pentagon (Ministry of Defense)
;
5.
Nominal groups
(constructions): e.g. attributive noun groups:
a dusk-to-dawn curfew for the entire city;
6. Language periphrasis: e.g.
White House, Downing Str.;
7. Short (midget) words: e.g.
aid, ban, boost, aim
,
link;
8. Converted phrases (conversion of verbal phrases into
nouns): e.g.
a sit-in, a run-off;
9. Foreign words and barbarisms: e.g.
persona non
grata, status quo
,
coup d’etat.
Scientific style.
The main function is to prove a hypothesis, to create new concepts, to disclose the
internal laws of development, existence, relations between different phenomena, etc.
It is subdivided into: 1)
humanitarian sciences; 2) exact sciences; 3)
popular
scientific prose.
The most typical linguistic features are as following: 1) logical sequence of
utterances; 2) the use of terms specific to each branch of science; 3) the use of words in
their primary and direct meaning; 4) the use of quotations and references; 5) Postulatory
(self-evident and needing no proof), argumentative and formulative sentences (patterns).
6) footnotes
are digressive in character; 7) Impersonality of writing (revealed in a
frequent use of passive constructions):
It must be assumed/pointed out/emphasised
.
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