A R A S T U F A L S A F A S I
d e b o 'y l a s h g a t u s h a r edi. В u l a m i n g h a m m a s i n i tu s h u n i s h
n i h o y a t d a m u s h k u l ishdir.
Q u y id a g ila r n i h a m i n s o n m u l o h a z a qilib t u s h u n i s h i j u d a
q iy in . A g a r d a i z l a n a y o t g a n m a q s a d l a r d a n e n g z a r u r i y l a r i
c h e k l a n i b q o ‘yilsa yoki u la r n i k a m o l a t d a ra ja s ig a y e lk a z ilsa ,
u s h b u is ta k - x o h is h la r d a m e 'y o r d a n o ‘tib k e t a d i g a n va in s o n g a
x o s b o ‘ l m a y d i g a n n a r s a n i u n i n g r u h i x o h l a y d i m i ,
x o h l a m a y d i m i ? Y o k i , u n i n g r u h i h a r b i r i z l a n a y o t g a n
m a q s a d l a m i n g b a s h a r iy a t u c h u n b a r k a m o l va in s o n g a xos
b o ‘lg a n e n g yaxshi h o la tig a in tila d im i?
R u h i y h a q iq itg a e r is h is h d a n i m a la r g a intilishini, r u h iy a tid a
n i m a l a r p a y d o b o 'l a y o t g a n i n i , k o ‘rin ib t u r g a n n a r s a la r n in g
a s o s l a r i n i , m o h i y a t i n i b i l i s h d a , b u o d d i y i n s o n i y b i lim g a
erishishga b o 'lg a n intilishi yoki n a fanlarga, va u m u m a n o d a m g a
t a a llu q li b o M m a g a n h a d d a n t a s h q a r i x o h i s h m i y o k i o ‘s h a
izlan ilv c h i t o ‘rt m a q s a d g a o id boMgan, h a q i q a t a n h a m c h i n
in so n iy x o h is h m i, b u n d a y m asalalarni m u lo h a z a qilishda inson
k o ' p q iy in c h ilik la rg a d u c h keladi.
U s h b u , i n s o n g a x o s , i z l a n a y o t g a n t o ‘r t t a m a q s a d
h a y v o n la r g a h a m taallu q li. C h u n k i h a r b ir h a y v o n n i n g h a m
b a d a n i , h is-sezg isi farq lash q o b iliy a ti b o r va s h u l a r tufayli
u l a r o ‘z i n i n g b a d a n i va h is - s e z g is in in g sogMomligini s a q la b
q o l i s h g a i n tila d i. A m m o h a y v o n d a h i s - s e z g i o r q a l i i d r o k
e t i l a d i g a n n a r s a l a r n i n g m a v ju d lig i s a b a b a l a r i n i b ilis h g a va
y e rd a g i b a r c h a n a r s a n i n g (m a v ju d lig i) s a b a b l a r i n i bilishga
bo M g an i n t i l i s h y o ‘q , m a v j u d l i g i s a b a b i y a t l a r i n i b ilis h g a
boMgan in tilish n i p a y d o q ilu v c h i n a rsa la rg a h a y v o n h e c h h a m
h a y r a t l a n m a y d i .
Q u y id a g i m a s a la la r n i m u l o h a z a q ilg a n d a h a m i n s o n k o ‘p
qiynaladi. In s o n in g bilim ga boMgan intilishining sababi n im a d a ?
A g a r s o f i n s o n i y sifa t b o M m a s a , i n s o n n i h a q i q a t t o m o n
y o ‘n a l t ir u v c h i, bilish, id ro k e tis h g a boMgan intilish qob iliy ati
va b ir in c h i, d astlab k i b ilim la r u n g a n e g a b e rilg a n ? Balki b u l a r
( f a q a t) o d a m z o t g a x o s xislatlardir?
E h t i m o l , b a s h a r i y a t ic h id a n b a ’zi o d a m l a r , y o o ‘z l a r in in g
asl m o h i y a t l a r i y o k i t a s o d i f k u c h i tufayli boMgan b ilim la ri
b ila n e n g b a r k a m o l in s o n boMolsalar kerak. Balki bilish, in so n
m o h i y a t i yoki in s o n m o h i y a t i n i n g t a ’s irla rid a n biridir. A g a r -
ю з
A B U N A S R F O R O B I Y
d a bilish, in s o n m o h i y a t i n i n g t a 's i r i d a n biri b o l s a , u n in g
m o h i y a t i , b u t a ’sir ( h a r a k a t ) r o 'y b e ra y o tg a n o n d a e n g y u k sa k
b a r k a m o l l i k k a e ris h is h g a boMgan intilish u z ra p a y d o boMgan
u n i n g ( m o h i y a t i n i n g ) t a ’siri ( h a r a k a t i d a n ) i b o rat boMadi.
S h u n d a y e k a n , o ‘s h a t a ’s i r ( h a r a k a t i ) n i p a y d o q i l u v c h i
n a r s a n i n g o kzi n i m a va u n g a in tilu v c h i h a r b ir in s o n u c h u n
u, iz la n u v c h i m a q s a d m i yoki y o 'q m i , bilib olish k e ra k boMadi.
H a q i q a t a n h a m o d a m l a r z a r u r a l o r q a l i o ‘z la ri e h tiy o j
se z g a n holatlari ni bilishga, id ro k e tish g a intiladilar. N a rs a la rn i
id ro k e tis h , bilish u c h u n z a r u r a l tugMlm ay t u r i b b ilim xayrii
bo M m ay d i. Y a n a , b ilim s ifa tin in g d a ra ja si, z a r u r iy d a r a j a d a n
oshib ketmasligi kerak. In so n in tilayotgan narsa h a d d a n ziyodm i
y o ‘q m i va in s o n g a t a b i a t a n x o s boMgan b u h a d d a n z iy o d
x o h i s h n i c h e g a r a l a s h va b o sib t u r is h k e r a k m i yoki u m u m a n
y o ’q o t i s h z a r u r m i ? Bu s a v o l l a r n i n g b a r c h a s i m u l o h a z a l a r
y u r itis h n i ta la b q iladi va u l a r b o ‘y i c h a k o ' p d a n - k o ' p turli
f i k r l a r m a v j u d . B u l a r n i n g h a m m a s i h a y r a t g a s o l a d i g a n
m a s a la la r , q a r a m a - q a r s h i fik rlar m a v ju d boMgan m u l o h a z a
m a v z u la rid ir.
O d a m a g a r b u l a r d a n (turli f i k r la r d a n ) b i r o n t a s i n i afzal
k o 'r a d i g a n boMsa, b u ishni u, yo o ‘z in i q o n iq tir is h u c h u n ,
yoki b o s h q a b irovni q o n iq tiris h u c h u n qilgan boMadi. Bu h a q d a
turli fikrlar k p . L e k in o d a m n i n g im k o n iy a tla r i c h e g a r a l a n i b
q o kyilsa, b u b ila n u n g a xos t u r m u s h , h a y o t k e c h ir is h sifatini
c h e g a r a l a b q o 'y i l m a y d i m i ?
A g a r o d a m , b a d a n va his-sezgi s o g 'lo m lig i, ta b i a t e h s o n i
boMgan farq e tis h va bilish q o b iliy a ti, h a m d a e r k in t a n l a s h g a
boMgan niyat va qobiliyat h a q id a m u lo h a z a y u rita d ig a n b o 'ls a ,
u h o l d a in s o n g a ta b ia t t o m o n i d a n , h a y v o n o t , n a b o t o t va
t a b ia td a g i b o s h q a n a rs a la r g a h a m b e r i l a d i g a n q o b iliy a tla r,
b a d a n va his-sezgi s o g 'lo m lig ig a e rish ish u c h u n y e ta rlim i,
y o ' q m i , d e g a n savol tu g 'ila d i.
A g a r n iy a t va e r k i n t a n l a s h m a q s a d b o 'l s a , t a b i a t d a n
o l i n g a n q o b iliy a tla r b a d a n va his-sezgi s o g 'lo m lig ig a erish ish
u c h u n yetarli bo'lsa, u h o ld a nega insonga niyat va erkin tanlash
( i m k o n i y a t i ) at о e tilg a n ? Balki, n iy a t va e r k in
ta n l a s h n i
ta b i a t h a d d a n o r tiq b e r g a n d i r , u n d a u n i c h e g a r a l a b q o 'y i s h
k e ra k boMadi. A m m o ta b ia t a t o q ilg a n niyat va e r k in t a n la s h
104
|