Nasibe Sevgi-English Through Reading(book 5). pdf
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part of a machine o) incorrect operation or damaged in operation p) a thick layer of material that is used to stop heat escaping from something q) happening or existing at a later time than something else r) a large violent explosion s) fault orweakness 272 • ELS EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage. 1. According to the passage, the plan to return the Apollo 13's crew safely to the Earth A) failed to save all the crew B) was defective and amateurish C) required inventive skills D) was led by Edgar M. Cortright E) was put off until 1971 2. As was stated in the passage, Jim Lovell ...... . A) managed to return to the Earth, but with injuries B) starred in a movie about the Apollo 13 mission C) led the investigation into the near disaster D) is an author with no first-hand knowledge of space travel E) was among the crew of the Apollo 13 3. According to the details in the passage, the Apollo 13 mission could be described as A) a perfect example for future space missions to follow B) a successful attempt to land for the third time on the Moon C) a planned space mission that never left the ground D) a dramatic, eventful, but unsuccessful mission to land on the Moon E) the first space mission broadcast live on television EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1. 1. A team of commandos was to fly secretly to the area to free the hostages, but the action was when the negotiations began producing some results. 2. A student who had been travelling on the coach showed remarkable when he suggested using his mother's nylon tights as a temporary belt for the engine. This temporary belt allowed the coach to reach the nearest town where proper repairs could be carried out. 3. The government investigation board the cause of the train crash to some loose bolts on the railway line. 4. The mechanic said that there was a fault on a switch in the air conditioning on my car and that, unfortunately, Renault only sold complete air conditioning systems. 5. Air travel in the United States declined dramatically the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. ELS • 273 E X ER C I S E 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as: COLUMN A COLUMN B a) a man who has done something brave and so is admired b) a criminal or evil person; a wicked character c) feel bitter or angry when one feels one has been treated unjustly d) intolerance or dislike for people of a specific race, religion, ethnic group, etc. e) explore for gold or other valuable minerals f) a group of people having a common purpose g) someone who has committed a crime and is hiding from the authorities of the law h) a sudden surprise attack i) a large four-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle formerly used to carry passengers, mail, etc. j) laws which have been passed k) take as a prisoner I) someone who is employed to patrol a region m) information, often a mixture of truth and untruth, passed on by word of mouth 274 • ELS JOAQUIN MURIETA (18307-53?) Was he a hero or a villain? Did he really exist at all? In the early 1850s, Mexican immigrant Joaquin Murieta was real to Californians; he was wanted, dead or alive, for robbery. He was a hero to Mexicans who resented the prejudice they faced in the United States. Some scholars today believe his story to be no more than a legend. Church records show that Joaquin Murieta was baptized in Sonora, Mexico, in 1830. In 1848, he and his wife moved to California, where, during the rush of 1849, he prospected for gold. Miners in the United States resented the competition from Mexican miners. In 1850, California passed the Greaser Act and Foreign Miners Act, which discouraged Mexican prospecting in California. It was then that the legend of Joaquin Murieta began. Bands of Mexican outlaws staged raids throughout the San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys, robbing miners and stagecoaches to protest the anti-Mexican legislation. The organizer of these raids was believed to be Murieta, though whether he controlled any or all of the outlaw bands was never proved. California's governor offered a reward for Murieta's capture, and in 1853, the Texas ranger Harry Love produced the head of a Mexican he claimed was Murieta. The raids came to an end, but rumour had it that Murieta lived on and died in the 1870s at his birthplace. EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage. 1. After reading the passage, we can say with absoiuie certainty that Joaquin Murieta A) was wanted by the Californian authorities in the 1850s B) controlled all the groups of Mexicans attacking miners C) was not actually a brutal outlaw D) never actually existed at all E) was killed by the Mexican ranger Harry Love 2. It is stated in the passage that in order to keep foreigners from prospecting in California A) Texas rangers guarded the mines B) raids were staged against Mexican stagecoaches C) foreigners were given restricted freedom D) Mexicans were forcibly sent home E) new laws were passed 3. According to the passage, Joaquin Murieta was A) certainly captured by Harry Love and imprisoned B) considered a criminal by some and a hero by others C) given permission from the Californian authorities to return home to retire D) robbed by a gang of Mexican outlaws E) married to a woman who was a member of his band EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1. 1. The local fishermen the newcomers, who appeared to work harder, used more dangerous equipment, and sold their catches more cheaply. 2. After violent air in World War II, which caused great destruction, the ancient British city of Coventry was rebuilt. 3. There is a/an going around in our office that the manager is , considering handing in his resignation. 4. In 19th-century America, on travelling through the land, a man with a shotgun would normally sit outside beside the driver, in case of attack by bandits. 5. Many people don't want the terrorist to have his sentence reduced. Even though he is now a sick old man, most still see him as a/an who was responsible for the senseless deaths of dozens of people. ELS 275 EVEN BETTER THAN TODAY'S TEXTILES People living long ago on the hot coastal strip of Peru created some of the world's most beautiful textiles. Archaeologists have found an amazing quantity of these in "mummy bundles" tucked away in tombs. These ancient people of the Andean region, like those of Egypt, believed the dead needed articles from this life to use in their future life. Some fragments of the cloth are 3,000 years old, but the finest examples belong to the period between about AD 300 and 1000. The people who wove these textiles spun fine, smooth yarn of cotton or of the wool of alpacas, llamas, and vicunas. They used most weaves known today and some too complicated for modern looms. They were expert dyers, with almost 200 hues at their command. With their many-coloured yarns they worked out gay, elaborate designs. They wove cloth ingeniously into the shapes of garments and other articles, for they did not cut and sew. E X ER C I S E 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as: COLUMN A COLUMN B a) a long, flat, narrow piece of something b) a number of things or a quantity of material loosely bound together c) store, especially in a place a little difficult to find (phrase) d) a place for the burial of the dead (sometimes a building, underground passage, or an excavation in rock) e) item; thing of a certain kind, especially small objects ' f) a small piece or part of something g) pull out and twist natural fibres, such as silk, cotton and wool, into a long continuous thread h) silky to the touch; not rough i) a continuous twisted strand of natural or synthetic fibres, used in weaving and knitting j) a piece of equipment, worked by hand or by machine, for weaving yarn k) someone who is skilled at colouring fabrics with natural or synthetic substances I) a shade of a colour m) having an ability for something and being able to use it fully {phrase) n) brightly coloured; brilliant o) ornate and detailed p) skilfully; cleverly rrt an itfim of clothing 276 • ELS EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage. 1. It is clear from the passage that the ancient peoples of both Peru and Egypt A) used the wool of llama to produce cloth B) weaved patterns too complicated for today's looms C) did not cut or sew to make a garment D) believed in another life after death E) rose to their peak in the year AD 1000 2. According to the passage, some of the fabrics made in Peru over 1000 years ago A) were made of synthetic fibres B) were sown together with great skill C) were identical to materials made in Egypt D) were only produced in a few colours E) would be difficult to make on modern looms 3. The dyers described in the passage A) were skilled in the use of sewing machines B) knitted the fabric instead of using looms C) produced excellent fabric by using multi-coloured yarns simultaneously D) were able to use 200 shades on one piece of cloth E) were skilled in achieving different shades of colour EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1. 1. An inventor has produced a bed that actually gently throws the sleeper out of bed when the alarm rings. Although it is designed, manufacturers are reluctant to start production as they are not sure whether the public is ready for such a "rude awakening". 2. Michelle's favourite sweater is the one her mom knit for her using hand-spun 3. Cedrick makes a little extra money by selling firewood. He collects sticks, which he ties in small and sells for one pound each. 4. He started to work for himself with just one truck. Now he has a fleet of 40 modern trucks A 5. You don't have to buy too many things for the new baby. I have lots of baby equipment in the garage somewhere. I'll search for it when I have the time. ELS 277 E X E RC I S E 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as: COLUMN A COLUMN B a) an informal name given to someone by others b) something that and cannot be explained c) say in a particular way d) having the same use, function, amount, etc. e) a name that is formed with a suffix to indicate fondness or one's superiority to the named person f) without respect; in a disdainful manner g) a difference between similar things h) lively; full of spirit and vitality i) rude; showing disrespect j) having won a struggle, war, or competition k) walking with regular steps, especially in a procession of some kind I) one part into which a poem or song is divided, arranged in lines which have a rhythm and often rhyme m) a man who thinks a great deal about his appearance and always dresses in smart clothes 27 8 ELS YANKEE Perhaps the best-known of all national nicknames is Yankee. Yet the origin of this famous name for Americans is a mystery. Scholars once thought it came from Yengees, which was supposed to be the way the American Indians pronounced the word English, or its French equivalent, Anglais. Another theory is that a Dutch nickname Yankey is the source, because as early as 1683 it was used by Dutch sailors. Yankey may have been derived from Janke, a diminutive of the Dutch name Jan. in colonial America the colonists of other regions rather scornfully called New Englanders Yankees. The British did not observe the local distinction and used the term for all of the colonists. During the American Civil War, Southerners spoke of all Northerners as Yankees. The British called United States soldiers Yanks in both World Wars, and eventually, the term became popular as a nickname for all Americans. The origin of the song "Yankee Doodle" is also uncertain. This sprightly, impudent tune had become popular in the colonies by 1770. The British used it to make fun of the Americans early in the Revolution, but the victorious Americans adopted it as their own marching song. The best known verse runs: Yankee Doodle went to town Riding on a pony; Stuck a feather in his hat And called it Macaroni. Macaroni was the name given to English dandies. EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage. 1. According to the passage, the term Yank A) has been replaced by the term Yankey B) is used to refer to all Americans today C) was first used to describe American Indians D) was applied to Northern American soldiers in the Civil War E) is always used disrespectfully 2. From the information in the passage, we understand that the song "Yankee Doodle" A) was a favourite of American Indians B) was written by an English dandy C) would be sung by Dutch sailors as early as 1683 D) used to be sung by American revolutionaries E) was popular in Britain before it became so in America 3. Although the origin of the nickname Yankee is a mystery, the author A) is certain it is derived from the French word Anglais B) thinks a Dutch origin is the most likely C) is sure of the origin of the song "Yankee Doodle" D) believes it could have derived from a British word for soldier E) points out two possible sources of the word EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1. 1. Although there are only minor in vocabulary between the languages of the Serbs and the Croats, they use different alphabets. 2. All applicants are required to possess a degree in chemical engineering or an professional qualification. 3. Elizabeth is only fifteen, but she plays the trumpet in the Air Training Corps Band and sometimes takes part in street parades. 4. The Duke considered the young man to be because of the way he had spoken to him. 5. Most people are familiar with the national anthem, but few know more than the first two ELS • 279 SPHINX A sphinx is a legendary monster with a human head and a lion's body. In ancient Egypt, where the idea originated, the head was usually a portrait of the reigning pharaoh. It also represented the sky god Horus. The Egyptians always pictured their kings as calm and stately, with wide-open, staring eyes. The lion's body - symbolizing courage - is crouched with its front feet outstretched. From Egypt the idea of the sphinx spread to the Syrians and Phoenicians and finally to the Greeks. These peoples gave the creature the head and bust of a woman. They added an eagle's wings to represent majesty and a long serpent's tail to indicate wiliness. In later Greek literature, the sphinx was no monster, but a beautiful, wise and mysterious woman. The Great Sphinx at Giza was carved in about 2600 BC. It stands near the three great pyramids, gazing across the Nile to the east. The head is a portrait of Khafre, a pharaoh of the Old Kingdom. Near the sphinx rises Khafre's tomb, the second of the three great pyramids. E X E R C I S E 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as: COLUMN A COLUMN B a) imaginary animal, often made up of various animal or human parts b) ruling; exercising the power and authority of a king or queen c) having a graceful, imposing and formal appearance d) looking outward in a fixed manner e) bent down low with arms and legs pulled in f) extended g) supreme power and authority; grandeur h) snake i) craftiness; being cunning j) clever; knowing k) puzzling; being unexplained I) be shaped by tools; be cut to form something m) looking in a fixed way in wonder or in order to admire something 280 • ELS • • • • ' • • • • : " . • . ' • ' • • ' " • EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage. 1. According to the passage, Egyptian sphinxes A) normally depicted the people's ruler B) had the wings of an eagle C) were more like a bust than a complete figure D) were usually of the size of a lion E) were found inside the tomb of a ruler 2. It is understood from the passage that sphinxes A) were only common in Egypt B) were always carved to resemble Khafre C) were usually standing upright D) became popular with several civilizations E) became less intricate with time 3. It is clear from the passage that the Great Sphinx at Giza A) can be found near the tomb of the pharaoh depicted on its head B) is not a monster at all but a beautiful intelligent female C) was carved by the sky god Horus D) is the largest of all sphinxes in the world E) appears in later Greek literature EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1. 1. My son woke up screaming and saying that a/an had come out of his wardrobe. I convinced him that the purple, horned creature was purely imaginary. 2. The disappearance of the first English settlers in North Carolina has never been explained. A colony had been set up in 1587, but in 1591, a returning settler found no trace of them. 3. The man had bears, eagles and wolves out of logs and was selling his craftwork by the roadside. 4. Caught behind enemy lines, the two parachutists down behind some bushes until dark. 5. Queen Cleopatra took her own life and died, according to recorded history, as a result of a bite from a poisonous ELS 281 OGAI MORI (1862-1922) One of the greatest influences on Japanese literature was a medical doctor. At the end of the 19th century, Ogai Mori helped to modernize both Japanese medicine and Japanese literature. Ogai Mori, whose real name was Rintaro Mori, was born in Tsuwano, Japan, on February 17, 1862. He graduated from the University of Tokyo medical school, and from 1884 to 1888, studied in Germany as a military doctor. This stay in Europe affected him profoundly, and he returned home convinced that Japan should embrace the best of European culture and medicine, but selectively, without recklessly destroying traditional Japanese ways. In 1893, he was appointed head of Japan's military academy, but his literary career had already begun. His first story, The Dancing Girl, a tale based on friends he had made in Germany, was published in Japanese in 1890. This caused a sensation among Japanese writers, wjio had a tradition of composing less personal works, and the course of Japanese fiction was changed. Mori's most popular novel, The Wild Goose, was also based on his own experiences. After 1912, Mori concentrated on more factual, historical works, often with samurai warriors as their heroes. These books were less emotional than his earlier novels, but they had a striking, powerful style. E X E R C I S E 1". Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as: COLUMN A COLUMN B a) intensely; to a great extent b) persuaded; certain c) choosing carefully d) showing no regard for danger; without thinking of the consequences e) ruin; spoil f) be officially given a job g) story h) general public excitement i) produce; create, especially a musical or literary work j) onward movement; progression; direction k) relating to the truth; real I) principal male character in a novel, play, etc.; a man of exceptional courage m) having or showing strong feelings n) dramatic; impressive and attracting attention 282 ELS EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage. 1. According to the passage, Ogai Mori believed that A) Japan's traditional culture would be destroyed if Japan adopted any European ideas B) Japan needed to drop all of its traditions and take up a European cultural style C) he would have had more success if he had published his books in Germany D) Japan should carefully choose which parts of European culture to adopt E) Japanese fiction was too emotional to appeal to modern readers 2. Ogai Mori's first book was different from those of other Japanese writers in general in that it A) consisted mainly of biographies B) was based on the author's own experiences C) did not praise traditional Japanese ways D) was more fictional and emotional E) told of the lives of ordinary people in Germany 3. It is clear from the passage that Ogai Mori A) was not very successful in his medical career B) had more influence as a doctor than as a writer C) met fierce opposition from Japanese traditionalists D) was as famous in Germany as he was in Japan E) made a lasting impression on Japanese literary style EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1. 1. The thief was picking people out of the crowd as they left the shopping centre - picking out affluent-looking women. 2. Michael is that Quebec, his homeland, should become independent from the rest of Canada, and he campaigns tirelessly for this. 3. I don't like the woman who has been head of our department. 4. At only seventeen years of age, Wayne Rooney was such a talented young footballer that he caused a among the fans when he appeared in his first game for the club and immediately scored a goal. 5. I became very while watching the film "Billy Elliot", and tears began pouring down my cheeks. EL S 283 ONE REASON TO VISIT AMERICA During 1831 and 1832, two Frenchmen, Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont, toured the United States. After their visit, each wrote a book. Beaumont's volume is about slavery, while Tocqueville's is the classic Democracy in America. Publication of the books obscured the original purpose of their visit: the two men had been sent to the United States as delegates from the French government to inspect the American prison system. They were among many Europeans who visited the United States with the same intention, because the modern prison system for the confinement of convicted criminals was invented in the United States in the 1790s. Places of confinement were not new. London had its Tower and Paris its Bastille. However, these were for confining political prisoners, not criminals in the ordinary sense. The common jail has existed since at least 1166, when England's King Henry II ordered jails built. Jails were then, as they are now, mainly for prisoners awaiting trial, but they also held petty offenders such as beggars and debtors. What was new about the American prison system was its purpose. It was designed more as a means of reforming the offender than as punishment for committing a crime. E X E R C I S E 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as: COLUMN A COLUMN B a) book, especially a large one b) make unclear, vague or hide c) the act of keeping someone shut in or restricting the free movement of someone d) having been found guilty of an offence against the law e) a process in which the guilt or innocence of a person who is accused of a crime is decided f) minor; of little importance g) a person who asks for food or money in the street, especially one who does this for a living h) a person who owes money i) method; a way of achieving a result j) improve someone's behaviour; teach someone to accept normal standards 28 4 ELS EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage. 1. It is clear that neither of the books mentioned in the passage A) achieved considerable success in France B) was based on the official work of its author in America C) could explain the American prison system effectively D) touched the slavery system then in operation in America E) could be called reformist in a general sense 2. The passage makes it clear that the modern prison system A) was first established in America B) houses mainly debtors and beggars C) was in operation in England in 1166 D) was designed by King Henry II E) was first founded according to a French design 3. It is clear in the passage that the two Frenchmen A) proved very successful in reforming the French prison service B) were both helpful in bringing an end to the slave trade in Europe C) helped develop the modern prison system that concentrated on reforming prisoners D) were rather critical of the new American prison system E) were not the only Europeans dispatched to America to look at their prison system EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1. 1. Reports in the newspapers are raising people's fears of street crime, vandalism and drug use, but these issues the true problem of increased social deprivation. 2. After behaving immorally for many years, John himself and became a model citizen. 3. Because some teenagers commit many crimes, such as small thefts and vandalism, the government has introduced a system in which a criminal is sent to prison for the third crime committed, even if that crime is only a minor offence. 4. He was such a badly-behaved prisoner that he was placed in solitary , locked up all alone for twenty-four hours a day. 5. Of course, he could be innocent, but he is already a/an criminal, having been found guilty of two previous robberies. ELS • 28 5 AN EXAMPLE OF ABSTRACT ART "Intention", by Paul Klee, does not draw upon recognizable subject matter. It is a picture of a thought process. Klee has given us an idea of what an intention might be composed of. Slightly to the left of the centre is a simplified outline of a body and in the head at the top is a single eye. A large number of forms surround it, signifying the thoughts which might go to make up an intention. Many are easily distinguished - a tree, an animal, several figures. Others are vague, and the simple forms might be interpreted in many ways. Some of these are shown by themselves, but some are joined to other forms. The background is a clear brick, red on one side, and dull green on the other side. Perhaps the painter is saying that some thoughts are sharp and clearly remembered, while others are dim and vague. E X ER C I S E 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as: COLUMN A COLUMN B a) use something as a source to do something else (phrasal verb) b) easy to identify or know c) a method of producing something d) making a decision to do a particular thing or act in a particular way e) made less complex; made easier f) a drawing consisting only of external lines g) be a sign of; indicate, show or suggest h) identified as a particular thing i) not clear in shape or form j) give or explain the meaning of something k) a rectangular block, usually a distinct red, made of clay and baked, to be used in house construction I) lacking brightness m) clearly defined n) not clearly seen 2 8 6 EL S EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage. 1. According to the passage, those looking at Paul Klee's "Intention" A) will see a detailed portrait of a person B) would enjoy the beautiful landscape with animals and trees C) would definitely appreciate his ability D) might express different interpretations of the painting E) can't help noticing his sharp brush movements 2. It is implied in the passage that the artist A) mostly uses dull colours B) only uses clearly defined images C) wasn't trained at an art school D) was a distinguished member of the art world E) uses colour purposefully 3. It is clear from the passage that, of the forms around the head in the picture "Intention", A) some are on their own while some are linked to others B) the brightest in colour is the brick C) the trees are clearer than the animals D) the background consisting of red and green bricks is the most striking E) the eye is the best remembered EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1. 1. It is his to become a doctor, as this would be rewarding both emotionally and financially. 2. The popular musical "West Side Story" the Shakespearean play "Romeo and Juliet" for its plot and drama. 3. One of my first memories is of singing at school. I remember the first line of the song clearly, but everything else is a bit The actual concert is only a dim recollection. 4. My brother has been busy preparing for Christmas. He has arranged coloured lights on the outside wall so that, when they are lit up at night, they make a/an of Father Christmas. 5. Franz Kafka's short story "The Penal Colony" can be in many ways, and experts cannot agree on the actual meaning of the many aspects of this horrific tale. ELS • 287 A PARADISE FOR AUTHORS AND ARTISTS Literary and artistic creativity have generally been highly valued by the French people, and such activities have flourished there and gone on to spread the influence of French culture throughout the world. Such 18th-century author- philosophers as Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were instrumental in shaping the ideas of modern France, and the works of Jean Racine, Moliere and other neoclassical playwrights are still widely performed. Victor Hugo, Honore de Balzac, and Emile Zola were among the literary giants of the 19th century. French authors have won eleven Nobel prizes for literature, far more than those of any other nation. Painting has also long been a vital art form in France. Artists often enjoyed the patronage of the nobility, producing works of quality and variety. During the 1800s, the impressionist movement was largely the inspiration of such French artists as Edgar Degas, Pierre Auguste Renoir and Claude Monet, and many art trends of the 20th century also originated in France. In addition, the atmosphere of free inquiry and artistic integrity that has generally been present in France has attracted many artists and writers from other countries. EX E R C IS E 1: Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as: COLUMN A COLUMN B a) a place that offers every opportunity for a Yüklə 3,23 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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