part
q) plentifully; in ample quantities
r) pay back the money spent
._
s) a person to whom insurance is issued
t) unconventional; non-traditional
228 • ELS
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:
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:
.
:
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I
E X E R C I S E 2:
Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. Doctor Dean Ornish's program for fighting heart disease, as described by the author,
EXERC5SE 2:
Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. Doctor Dean Ornish's program for fighting heart disease, as described by the author,
A)
involved easily-made changes to one's way of life
B) was effective but incredibly expensive
C) required the use of cholesterol-lowering medication
D) was highly technical
E) relied heavily on innovative surgery
2. One interesting thing that the author notes about this unconventional approach was
A)
that it not only stopped the accumulation of fatty substances in the arteries, but also lessened
them
B) that only one insurance company refused to pay for a patient to undergo this "alternative"
treatment
C) that it became popular very quickly although it was potentially risky
D) the reluctance of people to try it, despite its low cost and simplicity
E) that many people followed the program even though they were not affected by heart
problems
3. From the author's revealing remarks about Dr Ornish's personality, it's possible to say
that he
A)
is an extremely greedy person
B) possesses great technical ability for operations
C) strongly believes in self-importance
D) was quite modest about the success of his programme
E) used to be a very popular guru
E X E R C I S E 3:
Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1.
Yoga combines breathing exercises with stretching exercises, which
sharply with aerobics, which promotes strenuous exercises and jogging.
2.
Claiming that
was necessitated by "humanitarian" interests, the
government officials took the prisoners who had been engaged in the hunger strike to
hospital.
3. Too much water in the soil caused by over-irrigation and the lack of adequate drainage
results in an increasing
of salts. This process, called salination, occurs
because plants absorb water but leave the salts dissolved in it behind.
4.
Because any distraction while driving at high speeds can prove fatal,
speed is best at all times.
5. Traditional Chinese and Indian medicine use a/an
approach to
patients. Instead of only looking at the particular problem a patient is experiencing, they
always ask about a patient's lifestyle, diet, level of fitness, and medical history.
ELS
229
EX E RC I S E 1:
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
a)
begin a task with urgency
(phrase)
b) very large or great; of lasting value
c) a book, especially one in a set
d) be in the charge or care of someone;
(phrase)
e) a handwritten or typed version of a book before
it is printed
f) a woman who does cleaning in a hotel or
wealthy home
g) deeply shocked
h) wild and desperate because of fear or worry
i) great sorrow
J) say
k) rebuke; criticism
I) give comfort or sympathy to a person
m) extremely sad
(phrase)
n) write or say that something is true
o) deserving respect
p) deserving a special place in society; holy
q) bring something powerful into use
r) very grand
s) characteristic of a single person
23 0
ELS
THOMAS CARLYLE
Through his friend John Stuart Mill, the English philosopher Thomas Cariyle
became interested in the French Revolution and set to work on a monumental
history. After five months of difficult work on this project, Cariyle completed the first
volume and left it with Mill for criticism. While in Mill's possession, the manuscript
was accidentally burned by a maid lighting a fire. Mill was appalled when he
discovered the loss and rushed to Carlyle's house nearly frantic with grief. Cariyle
did not utter a word of reproach but tried only to console his friend. After Mill had left,
he said to his wife, "Mill, poor fellow, is terribly cut up. We must endeavor to hide
from him how very serious this business is for us." The three volumes of
The
French Revolution
were finally published in 1837. The book was immediately
successful. The days of struggle were over, and Cariyle took his place as a leading
English writer. His other books followed one another at intervals of two to five years.
Cariyle had a few "messages" that he continually repeated. He affirmed that work of
all kinds is dignified and sacred. He thought that men must renounce personal
happiness to obtain peace of mind. He believed that the world must be governed by
"heroes" - strong, just men, and consequently he felt that people should put their
faith in such men and not in democracy. In his own day, Cariyle exerted a strong
influence on other writers, but today few people read Cariyle for what he had to say.
The majority read his books for their majestic style and their revealing flashes of his
highly individual personality.
E X E RC I S E 2:
Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. According to the story related in the passage, Cariyle reacted to the loss of his
manuscript by
A)
reproaching his friend severely
B) comforting his friend
C) dismissing the maid
D) arguing with his wife
E) running frantically to his friend's house
2. After Cariyle had finished his three-volume
The French Revolution,
he
A)
left it with his friend John Stuart Mill for proofreading
B) was devastated to find out that it had been completely burnt
C) fell out with his friend John Stuart Mill
D) published several other books
E) lost interest in history
3. In the opinion of the author, most people who read Cariyle today
A)
are forced to do so as part of a history course
B) are interested in his valuable theories
C) do not believe in his "messages"
D) don't understand why he was such a highly regarded writer
E) are students of French literature
E XE RC IS E 3:
Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE
1.
1.
When Franz Kafka was dying he ordered his friend Max Brod to destroy all of his
unpublished
Max Brod ignored this and edited and published them
instead.
2.
Don't worry about tidying up. The
will do it after we leave for the
theatre.
3. When I heard about the tornado in Austin, lexas, I was
with worry until
I managed to contact my sister who lives there. Thankfully, she and her family were all fine.
4.
We were all waiting for the professor to say something, but he barely
.•
a
word.
5. Among the ancient Greeks, the word "tyrant" was not a term of
, but
merely meant one who had seized kingly power without the qualification of royal descent.
ELS • 231
EX E R C I S E 1:
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
a) a structure, often with figures, from which a thin
stream or a series of thin streams of water
sprays out
b) help become famous forever
c) poetry
d) put something in a place where it will be
regarded with respect
e) intended to explain what someone, something,
or somewhere is like
f) throw; drop
g) (of liquid) moving with vigour; being stirred
vigorously
h) supposedly
i) happening at some indefinite future time
j) resulting from creative ability
k) having beauty of form
I) of immense size; huge
m) delightful; attractive
n) fight another person by holding and throwing
them
o) coming from the sea
p) being many
q) be lit up; have light directed onto something
232
ELS
ROME'S FOUNTAINS
Most great cities have beautiful fountains, but in Rome they are a living part of
the city. Italian poets have immortalized them in verse. One of Italy's major
composers, Ottorino Respighi, enshrined them in two richly descriptive symphonic
poems. Books about Rome's fountains published in Italian, French and English have
contributed to their fame. The best known is Niccolo Salvi's 18th-century Fountain of
Trevi. It is a tradition for visitors to cast small coins into its churning waters, allegedly
to ensure their eventual return to Rome - for Christians, and for others, to ensure
that their dreams come true. The most imaginative fountain is probably Bernini's
Fountain of the Four Rivers. Another by Bernini is the graceful Fountain of the Triton
on the Piazza Barberini. In the Piazza della Repubblica is the colossal Fountain of
the Naiads. Its charming beauties wrestle with seaborne monsters. The Fountain of
the Barcaccia in the Piazza di Spagna was designed like a leaking boat by Bernini's
father, Pietro. One of the pleasures of a visit to Rome is a night tour of the city's
numerous illuminated fountains.
E X E R C I S E 2:
Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. From the details in the passage, it is clear that Rome's fountains
A)
are not as well-known as those of many other cities
B) have been the subject of poetry, music, and prose
C) have helped to immortalize their designers
D) were all built by the Bernini family
E) are the main reason why tourists visit the city
2. The custom of throwing money into the Fountain of Trevi is supposed to
A)
provide the needy in the city with some money to spend
B) help people realize their wishes
C) pay for all the other fountains to be illuminated
D) give the person immortality
E) ensure the person becomes rich
3. According to the passage, one of the joys of a visit to Rome is
A)
touring around the lit-up fountains at night
B) listening to Ottorino Respighi's symphonies
C) reading books about the famous fountains
D) visiting the famous 18th-century shrines
E) strolling around the Piazza Barberini at night
E X E R C I S E 3:
Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1.
Your essay is too
You've given lots of details of the service and how it
operates, but I want you to be a bit more critical.
2.
In the northern English county of Cumbria, they hold annual fairs at which all the farmers
gather and take part in sports, including
in a traditional style, in which
opponents stand chest to chest and take hold of each other. The first man to touch the floor
with any part of his body other than his feet loses the match.
3. The cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris has been
by Victor Hugo's novel
The Hunchback of Notre Dame,
written in 1831. This story has made sure that this building
will be famous forever.
4. Thousands of people gather to celebrate at midnight on New Year's Eve in the square. Lots
of people get overexcited and
themselves into the pool even though
the water is cold and probably not very clean.
5. The grand church on top of St. Michael's Mount looks most spectacular at night because its
tall towers are
and stand brightly against the night sky.
ELS • 233
234 • ELS
E X E R C IS E 1:
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
a)
ragged; having sharp points
b) anything that prevents or obstructs passage or
progress
c)
a
low hill at the base of a mountain
d) friendly, welcoming to new arrivals
e) entry; a way of approach
f) suddenly; sharply
g) being located at the side of
h) having a sharp rise
i) a deep narrow pass between steep heights
j) not able to be travelled through or over
k) very high
I) the highest point, especially of mountains
m) a person of low social status who works on a
farm or owns a small plot of farmland
n) saying of general truth
o) observed in relation to something else; relative
p) make something difficult
q) taking part
THE PYRENEES
I
Of all Europe's mountain ranges, the jagged and often snow-capped Pyrenees,
435 kilometres long, have functioned most effectively as a barrier to human
movement. Unlike the Alps, the Pyrenees have no low foothills or hospitable valleys
to ease access into and through their heights. Rather, the Pyrenees rise abruptly
from the flanking plains of France and Spain with only steep gorges and steep-
walled natural amphitheatres that lead to almost impassable lofty summits. The
French peasant's maxim, "Africa begins with the Pyrenees," is not without a large
measure of truth in emphasizing the historic significance of the Pyrenees as a barrier
in the development of Spain. In the words of the American historian Will Durant,
Spain's mountains, particularly the Pyrenees, "were her protection and tragedy: they
gave her comparative security from external attack, but hindered her economic
advance, her political unity, and her participation in European thought."
EX ER C IS E 2:
Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. The passage tells us that the Pyrenees
A)
provided easy access for Spain's enemies, making her vulnerable to attacks
B) are for the most part lower than the Alps
C) were first explored by the American historian Will Durant
D) kept Spain safe from her enemies, but made it difficult for her to develop
E) rise from gentle foothills to lofty peaks
2. According to the passage, no other mountain range in Europe
A)
has prevented passage and access as much as the Pyrenees
B) extends as far as the Pyrenees
C) has been the scene of battle as many times as the Pyrenees
D) has so many high peaks as the Pyrenees
E) remains snow-capped as long as the Pyrenees
3. It is clear that the saying used by French peasants refers to
A)
the gentle slopes on the Pyrenees
B) the words of an American historian
C) the lack of development in the land beyond the Pyrenees
D) the great economic advancement and political participation on the Spanish side of the
Pyrenees
E) all of Europe's major mountain ranges
EX E R C I S E 3:
Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1.
Although the Alps rise to a height of 4807 metres, most towns are located in the valleys and
on the low
, few being over 1800 metres above sea level.
2. The Romans conquered England and Wales, but finding the country neither
nor desirable, they did not venture into Scotland. Instead, they built a
wall to keep the fierce highland tribes within their rugged, wild and cold homeland.
3. The old
"Let the buyer beware" - meaning that customers buy things
at their own risk - has been turned on its head by the American legal system. In America
today, a new rule applies, which could be summed up as "Let the seller beware". If a
customer in America trips up in a shop, he or she is very likely to seek financial
compensation through the courts.
4.
Because the mountains rise
on either side of the valley, it receives as
little as fifty centimetres of rain annually.
5. Heavy rains, which turn the narrow pass to thick mud in winter, make it
to those in motor vehicles and only the bravest traders work their way through, by donkey,
along the steep mountain track.
ELS • 235
E X E R C I S E 1:
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
a)
the first letters of words, especially a person's
name
b) draw someone's attention away from
something
c) bring about a positive emotional reaction;
impress
(phrase)
d) being between the ages of 13 and 19; teenager
e) the state of being opposed in hostility
f) a person, organization, team, etc., that
competes with another for the same object or
in the same field
g) dispute, argument, or debate, especially one
concerning a matter about which there has
been strong disagreement
h) marked by sudden, violent outbreaks of feeling
i) bring into obedience; correct by punishment or
discipline
j) have as an important or central part of a book
k) having been made to withdraw or feel separate
from society
I) people who are of equal standing with one
another in a group
m) turn to another course
n) course of life or action
236 • ELS
SUSAN ELOISE HINTON
Susan Eloise Hinton is an American author, born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1950.
As a young writer, Hinton decided to write under her initials in order to deflect
attention from her gender. She set out to write about the difficult social system that
teenagers create among themselves. Her books struck a chord with adolescents
who saw in her characters many elements of this system that existed in their own
schools and towns.
In 1967, while she was still in high school, Hinton published her first book,
The
Outsiders.
The story of confrontation between rival groups of teenagers was
immediately successful with critics and young readers, and it won several awards.
There was some controversy about the level of violence in the novel and in her other
works, but Hinton was praised for her realistic and explosive dialogue. The financial,
as well as literary, success of
The Outsiders
enabled Hinton to continue her
education in college.
She graduated from the University of Tulsa in 1970. Her other novels for young
adults included
That Was Then, This Is Now,
published in 1971;
Rumble Fish,
in
1975;
Tex,
in 1979; and
Taming the Star Runner,
in 1988. Each of her books
featured a cast of characters suffering from society's ills. Young people alienated
from their families and from their peers were seen to veer into criminal paths.
Several of her books, including
The Outsiders
and
Rumble Fish,
were later adapted
as motion pictures.
EX E RC I S E 2: Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. It is clear from the passage that Susan Eloise Hinton
A)
initially didn't want her readership to know she was female
B) wrote purely romantic novels
C) was not successful until later in life
D) had little formal education due to her financial circumstances
E) was a skilled film director as well as a writer
2. From the information in the passage, we could describe the fiction of Susan Eloise Hinton
as
A)
overly sentimental and quite superficial
B) featuring youth culture and the problems thereof
C) popular with teenagers, but not with critics
D) more popular with males than with females
E) centred around high society and celebrities
3. The author of the passage emphasizes that teenagers
A)
became more violent as a direct result of reading Hinton's books
B) found Hinton's stories patronizing and humiliating
C) preferred Hinton's books to the films made from them
D) could identify with the characters and plots of Hinton's books
E) prefer to live within accepted social norms of the wider society
E X E R C I S E 3:
Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1.
The government released the economic report on the same day as the royal news in the
hope that public interest in the royal family would
attention away from
the bad news about the economy.
2.
One of the most profound influences on teenage lifestyle is pressure from a youngster's
to behave in a certain way and wear certain clothing.
3.
Ed is a popular councillor because his campaigns for public safety and community events
with the local residents, who feel that he understands their concerns.
4.
It is not unusual for new immigrants to feel
from mainstream society in
Germany as a result of culture shock, and so there exist numerous organizations to help
foreigners settle in their new homeland.
5. The Basque separatist organization in Spain, Euzkadi Ta Azkatasuna, better known by its
ETA, was responsible for several explosions at hotels last season.
ELS • 237
SEE NAPLES AND DIE!
An old Italian proverb says, "See Naples and die!" It testifies to the enduring
attraction of this remarkable city, the third largest city in Italy and one of the most
beautiful in the world. Approximately 190 kilometres southeast of Rome, the city is
on the north side of the Bay of Naples. The bay juts into the western side of the
Italian peninsula with Mount Vesuvius in the background. One of the centres of
activity is the Piazza Trento e Trieste near the waterfront. It is flanked by two
imposing buildings, the Teatro San Carlo and the Palazzo Reale. The theatre is one
of Europe's largest and foremost opera houses, dating from 1737. The palace dates
from 1600, originally the home of the viceroys who governed Naples during its
period of Hapsburg domination. It now houses the National Library. East of these
buildings and overlooking the harbour is the Castel Nuovo, begun in 1279. It houses,
among other things, the Naples City Council and the Campania Regional Council.
Directly south of the piazza is the Castel dell'Ovo. Built on what was an island now
connected with the mainland to form the Porto di Santa Lucia, the castle dates from
1154. To the west of Santa Lucia is the Villa Comunale, a large park with Naples's
aquarium.
E X E R C I S E 1:
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
a)
a short sentence that people often quote, which
gives advice or comment on life
b) show that an idea is likely to be true; provide
evidence for
c) continuing to exist; unceasing; long-lasting
d) striking or unusual
e) roughly; close to the correct number, time,
position, but not exact
f) stick out above or beyond a surface; to
protrude
g) a piece of land that is almost completely
surrounded by water, but still connected to the
mainland
h) the sight or surface behind the chief objects in
view
i) the area of a city, such as a harbour or
dockyard, alongside a body of water
j) have (something) on both sides
{phrase)
k) impressive in appearance
I) most important or best
m) facing in a certain direction, a place, etc.
238 • ELS
E X E RC I S E 2:
Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. We learn from the passage that Naples is located
A)
on Mount Vesuvius
B) on an island in the Bay of Naples
C) on the coast of Italy
D) on the north of Italy
E) on the western side of Mount Vesuvius
2. It is clear from the passage that the National Library
A)
is flanked by two magnificent buildings
B) used to be the biggest opera house in Europe
C) is on an island now connected with the mainland
D) was once the residence of an important official
E) is located in the centre of a large park in Naples
3. The proverb "See Naples and die!" roughly means
A)
"make sure you visit Naples during your life"
B) "Naples is a dangerous city close to a volcano"
C) "make Naples the last place you visit on your trip to Italy"
D) "Naples should be avoided at all costs"
E) "Naples is a city of elderly people who want to die there"
E X ER CI S E 3:
Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1.
What does the
"He who laughs last, laughs loudest" mean?
2.
Never have I seen such a/an
building as the Taj Mahal - its beauty is
breathtaking.
3. The natural rock columns of the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland
out into the Irish Sea.
4. The modern Lowry Museum in Manchester has been built on the
of
the canal by the old docks, where ships used to be loaded with manufactured goods.
5.
Prehistoric and ancient funeral rituals and burial customs, which include burial with supplies
of food, ornaments and tools,
to the almost universal human belief in
the afterlife.
ELS • 239
KATHERINE MANSFIELD
Gifted with a keen insight into human character, Katherine Mansfield wrote a
number of almost perfect short stories. Much of her work is based on incidents and
scenes from her own life.
She was born Kathleen Beauchamp in Wellington, New Zealand, on October 14,
1888, as the daughter of a banker. Katherine Mansfield was her pen name. Her early
years were spent in the village of Karori, near Wellington. In 1903, when she was
15, she went to London to study at Queen's College. After three years she
reluctantly returned to New Zealand. In 1908 she persuaded her father to provide
her with an allowance and allow her to live in England. She had become an
accomplished cellist, but she now turned to writing.
After a brief unhappy marriage, Mansfield met John Middleton Murry. He was
then an Oxford undergraduate, but he was soon to become a well-known critic. Their
marriage was successful. Murry wrote: "She was natural and spontaneous as no
other human being I have ever met." Deeply distressed by the death of her only
brother, Leslie, in World War I, and already suffering from poor health, she went to
the French Riviera in 1916. There she began to write the stories for which she is
best known, tales of her childhood in New Zealand. She died of tuberculosis in a
sanatorium in France on January 9, 1923.
In her career, Mansfield strove for a pure style that would express simple reality.
Her writing is sensitive, reflecting subtle variations in mood.
In a German Pension,
a
collection of short stories, was published in 1911. Not until 1920, with
Bliss and
Other Stories,
did she obtain recognition, though. After her death, Murry brought out
several volumes of her writings that had not previously been published.
EX E RC I S E 1:
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
a)
very strong; capable of recognizing fine
differences
b) understanding
c) event
d) unwillingly
e) money that is given regularly to someone to
help them pay for the things they need
f) very good at something
g) not planned, arranged or forced
h) upset because something unpleasant or
alarming has happened
i) make a great effort to do something
j) not mixed with anything else; clear, simple
k) not immediately obvious or noticeable, and
therefore difficult to explain or describe
I) the same thing presented in a slightly different
form; slight change
m) emotional state at a particular time
n) approval; accepting someone as successful
240
ELS
EX E R C I S E 2:
Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. According to the passage, Kathleen Mansfield had the ability
A)
to play several instruments well
B) to understand human nature
C) to criticize her own works heavily
D) to organize sightseeing tours
E) to write in a complicated interwoven style
2. It is clear from the details in the passage that Kathleen Mansfield's father
A)
was satisfied with her progress as a cellist
B) wanted his daughter to travel
C) was killed while fighting in World War I
D) supported her financially while she lived in England
E) was against her marriage to Murry
3. The author makes it clear in the passage that while writing her best known stories, Kathleen
Mansfield
A)
was living in Karori, near Wellington
B) was unhappily married
C) made her living as a cellist
D) was heavily in debt
E) was not very well physically
EXERCISE 3:
Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1.
Not only is Richard Gere a great actor, but he also has other skills, being a/an
composer and pianist.
2.
You must have
eyesight to be able to do such delicate needlework.
3.
In addition to paying his son's room and board at Oxford University, Finley gave him a small
monthly
so that he could buy whatever he wanted.
4. Janine had been miserable for weeks worrying about her father. Now that he has come home
from the hospital, it is lovely to hear her natural, unforced and
laugh
again.
5. American country music was adapted from European folk music, but
differences in style reflect ethnic influences from Latin and African sources.
ELS • 24 1
SANTA CLAUS
The legend of jolly old Santa Claus, or St. Nick,
began with a real person: St. Nicholas, who lived many
centuries ago. Although he is one of the most popular saints
honoured by Christians, very little is actually known about
him. He lived during the 4th century in Lycia, a province on the
southwest coast of Asia Minor. Tradition says he was born in
Patara, a seaport, and travelled to Egypt and Palestine as a young
man. Eventually he became bishop of the church at Myra. During
the
period of the persecution of Christians by Emperor Diocletian, he was
imprisoned but was released by Diocletian's successor, Constantine
the Great. By the 6th century his burial shrine was well known at
Myra. In 1087 his remains were moved to Bari, Italy, which became a
crowded pilgrimage centre. Devotion to him spread throughout the Christian world,
and thousands of churches throughout Europe were named after him. His feast day
was set on December 6.
The transformation of St. Nicholas into Santa Claus began in Germany, where
he was called Kriss Kringle, derived from Christkindle, meaning "Christ child", and he
became permanently associated with the Christmas season and gift-giving. From
there his legend spread to France, where he was called Pere Noel. In the Dutch
colony of New Amsterdam - now New York City - he was called Sinter Claes, which
easily became Santa Claus.
As Christmas became more widely celebrated, the legend grew. In 1823,
Clement C. Moore wrote "A Visit from St. Nicholas", portraying Santa Claus riding in
a sleigh drawn by "eight tiny reindeer", the same mode of travel he uses in
Scandinavia. The first drawing of him that resembles today's Santa Claus was a
cartoon by Thomas Nast that appeared in Harper's Weekly in 1866.
E X E RC I S E 1:
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
a) happy and cheerful
b) a large section of a country with its own
administration
c) after a lot of delays and problems; at last
d) high-ranking Christian religious leader
e) cruel and unfair treatment for a long period of
time
f) a person who takes someone's job after he or
she has left
g) a holy or religious place associated with the
remains of a sacred person
(phrase)
h) a journey made by many people to a holy or
religious place
i) a great love fora person or thing
j) a qualitative change in something
k) (be) connected to something else in the mind
(phrase)
I) a vehicle which is designed to run on snow by
being pulled by horses or dogs, usually having
two metal or wooden runners
m) a particular way of doing something
n) be similar to
242 • ELS
EXERCISE 2:
Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. Although Santa Claus is normally drawn with the snow of Northern Europe around him, it is
clear from the passage that St. Nicholas
A)
came from a coastal region in Asia Minor
B) never saw snow in his life
C) didn't have the opportunity to travel much
D) wasn't very popular with Christians
E) liked warmer places better
2. The passage describes how St. Nicholas
A)
died in Bari in Italy
B) gave out presents to celebrate Jesus's birthday
C) was imprisoned by Constantine the Great
D) spent some time in captivity for his beliefs
E) went on a pilgrimage to a burial shrine in Myra
3. According to the passage, the name Santa Claus
A)
started to be used in Italy during the 11th century
B) is the French word for Father Christmas
C) is Lycian for St. Nicholas
D) is derived from the Dutch immigrant name for St. Nicholas
E) was first used in a cartoon by Thomas Nast
EXERCISE 3:
Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1.
In the film of the fairy tale "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", Happy is a fat,
little dwarf who laughs all the time.
2.
Unlike the other Canadian
, Quebec has a very French culture and a
form of French known as Quebecois is the main language spoken there.
3. The international community came to the rescue of the Kosovans who suffered
for their beliefs under Serbian rule.
4.
In the last month of every Islamic lunar year more than iwo million Muslims make the great
to Mecca.
5. The Whalley Range School in central Manchester has undergone a/an
from a poorly performing school into a centre of excellence.
ELS
243
SIR JAMES PAUL McCARTNEY
Paul McCartney was born in Liverpool, England, to Mary and James
McCartney. Paul's introduction to music was through his father, who was the founder
of Jim Mac's Jazz Band. It was shortly after his mother's death from breast cancer in
1956 that McCartney immersed himself in learning to play the guitar. His mastery of
early rock 'n' roll songs impressed his friends and created an opportunity for him to
join John Lennon in a local group that would later become The Beatles. McCartney,
who is most famous for playing bass in the band, composed many memorable
songs, including "Yesterday" (1965), "Eleanor Rigby" (1966), "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely
Hearts Club Band" (1967), "Hey Jude" (1968), and "Let It Be" (1969). His willingness
to sign autographs, pose for pictures, and give interviews caused the mass media to
dub him "the cute Beatle". That title, combined with the prevalent early 1960s belief
that the rock genre of music lacked artistic merit, often obscured McCartney's
contribution to the music of the Beatles. His expertise in harmony and melody
complemented Lennon's love of wordplay and basic rock 'n' roll and helped create
many of the vocal and bass lines that have become the trademarks of the Beatles'
musical style. As half of the Lennon-McCartney songwriting team, he created some
of the best-known popular music of the 20th century. McCartney was a member of
The Beatles from 1962 to 1970;, the founder of Wings, which performed from 1971
to 1980; and has, in more recent years, enjoyed success as a solo recording artist, a
composer of classical music, a painter, a poet, and a businessman.
E X E RC I S E 1:
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
a) a
group of musicians who play together
b) completely involved in
(phrase)
c) deeply or markedly affected or influenced, often
favourably
d) write music
e) likely to be remembered; worth remembering
f) unhappy because of being on one's own or not
having any friends
g) the quality of acting or of doing something
cheerfully and without hesitation or reluctance
h) the signature of someone famous, especially
when requested for its own sake
i) stay in a particular position so that someone
can photograph you
j) give a name to
k) attractive (of persons); eager to charm
I) existing, occuring very commonly
m) a form or style of literature, art, or music
n) any admirable or worthwhile quality or attribute
o) make something difficult to understand, see or
hear
p) have desirable qualities which make a good
combination with something else
q) a distinctive feature which is considered to be
typical of something
244
ELS
EXERCISE 2:
Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. The author explains that the press nicknamed Paul McCartney "the cute Beatle" because
A)
of his skill in playing the bass guitar
B) he eagerly responded to public attention
C) he was younger than the other members of the band
D) he was clever to avoid cameramen
E) he was from the northwest of England
2. It is clear from the passage that it was as a direct result of a tragedy that Paul McCartney
A)
concentrated on learning to play the guitar
B) left the Beatles and formed the new band Wings
C) joined his father's band, Jim Mac's Jazz Band
D) parted with John Lennon and left the Beatles
E) found success as a solo artist
3. According to the passage, although Paul McCartney started out in rock music
A)
he was more successful in other forms
B) he found success in several other areas as well
C) he was a classically trained musician
D) all songs for the Beatles were written by John Lennon
E) he went on to become a jazz musician
EXERCISE 3:
Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1.
It always makes me sad when I hear of
old people whose family can't
be bothered to visit or look after them.
2. The photographer got my daughter to
with her skis. She looked like a
movie star.
3. Margaret Thatcher, a former prime minister of the UK, was
"the Iron
Lady" by the press because of her inflexible approach to opposition even from within her own
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