spiritually uplifting form in which millions of
students practice the Way of Tea in different
schools today.
One
15th-century
Zen
master
in
particular
—Murata Juko (1423–1502)—broke
all convention to perform the tea ritual for an
aristocratic audience in a humble four-and-a-
half-mat room. The tea master who perfected
the ritual was Sen no Rikyu (1522
–1591).
Rikyu was the son of a rich merchant in Sakai,
near Osaka, the most prosperous trading port
in Japan in the 16th century. His background
brought
him
into
contact
with
the
tea
ceremonies of the rich, but he became more
interested in the way priests approached the
tea ritual as an embodiment of Zen principles
for appreciating the sacred in everyday life.
Taking a cue from
Juko’s example, Rikyu
stripped everything non-essential from the
tearoom and the style of preparation, and
developed a tea ritual in which there was no
wasted movement and no object that was
superfluous.
Instead
of
using
expensive
imported
vessels in a lavish reception hall, he made tea
in a thatched hut using only a simple iron
kettle, a plain lacquered container for tea, a
tea scoop and whisk whittled from bamboo,
and a common rice bowl for drinking the tea.
The only decoration in a Rikyu-style
tearoom is a hanging scroll or a vase of
flowers placed in the alcove. Owing to the
very lack of decoration, participants become
more aware of details and are awakened to
the simple beauty around them and to
themselves.
The
central
essence
of
Rikyu’s tea
ceremony was the concept of
wabi
.
Wabi
literally means
“desolation.” Zen philosophy
takes the positive side of this and says that
the greatest wealth is found in desolation and
poverty, because we look inside ourselves
and find true spiritual wealth there when we
have no attachments to things material. His
style of tea is thus called
wabi-cha
.
After
Rikyu’s death, his grandson and
later three great-grandsons carried on the
Rikyu style of tea. Meanwhile, variations on
wabi-cha
grew up under the influence of
certain
samurai
lords, whose elevated status
required them to employ more sophisticated
accoutrements and more elaborate manners
and procedures than the simple
wabi-cha
.
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