Solution:
1
iv
2
vii
3
x
4
i
5
vi
6
ii
7
viii
8
privacy
9
male prison
10
personal space
11
attraction
12
attraction
13
help
14
D
15
C
16
B
17
D
18
NOT GIVEN
19
FALSE
20
NOT GIVEN
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21
TRUE
22
C
23
D
24
B
25
E
26
A
27
C
28
A
29
B
30
A
31
C
32
B
33
NO
34
NOT GIVEN
35
YES
36
YES
37
NOT GIVEN
38
YES
39
NO
40
NO
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page 17
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IELTS Mock Test 2023
August
Reading Practice Test 4
HOW TO USE
You have 2 ways to access the test
1. Open this URL
https://link.intergreat.com/U74Mg
on your computer
2. Use your mobile device to scan the QR code attached
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13
Questions 1-13 , which are based on Reading Passage
1 below.
page 1
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A
Football as we now know it developed in Britain in the 19th century, but the game is far older
than this. In fact, the term has historically been applied to games played on foot, as opposed to
those played on horseback, so ‘football’ hasn’t always involved kicking a ball. It has generally
been played by men, though at the end of the 17th century, games were played between
married and single women in a town in Scotland. The married women regularly won.
B
The very earliest form of football for which we have evidence is the ‘tsu’chu’, which was played
in China and may date back 3,000 years. It was performed in front of the Emperor during
festivities to mark his birthday. It involved kicking a leather ball through a 30-40 cm opening
into a small net fixed onto long bamboo canes – a feat that demanded great skill and excellent
technique.
C
Another form of the game, also originating from the Far East, was the Japanese ‘kemari’ which
dates from about the fifth century and is still played today. This is a type of circular football
game, a more dignified and ceremonious experience requiring certain skills, but not competitive
in the way the Chinese game was, nor is there the slightest sign of struggle for possession of
the ball. The players had to pass the ball to each other, in a relatively small space, trying not to
let it touch the ground.
D
The Romans had a much livelier game, ‘harpastum’. Each team member had his own specific
tactical assignment took a noisy interest in the proceedings and the score. The role of the feet
was so small as scarcely to be of consequence. The game remained popular for 700 or 800
years, but, although it was taken to England, it is doubtful whether it can be considered as a
forerunner of contemporary football.
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E
The game that flourished in Britain from the 8th to the 19th centuries was substantially
different from all the previously known forms – more disorganised, more violent, more
spontaneous and usually played by an indefinite number of players. Frequently, the games took
the form of a heated contest between whole villages. Kicking opponents were allowed, as in
fact was almost everything else.
F
There was tremendous enthusiasm for football, even though the authorities repeatedly
intervened to restrict it, as a public nuisance. In the 14th and 15th centuries, England, Scotland
and France all made football punishable by law, because of the disorder that commonly
accompanied it, or because the well-loved recreation prevented subjects from practicing more
useful military disciplines. None of these efforts had much effect.
G
The English passion for football was particularly strong in the 16th century, influenced by the
popularity of the rather better organised Italian game of ‘calcio’. English football was as rough
as ever, but it found a prominent supporter in the school headmaster Richard Mulcaster. He
pointed out that it had positive educational value and promoted health and strength. Mulcaster
claimed that all that was needed was to refine it a little, limit the number of participants in each
team and, more importantly, have a referee to oversee the game.
H
The game persisted in a disorganised form until the early 19th century, when a number of
influential English schools developed their own adaptations. In some, including Rugby School,
the ball could be touched with the hands or carried; opponents could be tripped up and even
kicked. It was recognised in educational circles that, as a team game, football helped to develop
such fine qualities as loyalty, selflessness, cooperation, subordination and deference to the
team spirit. A ‘games cult’ developed in schools and some form of football became an
obligatory part of the curriculum.
I
In 1863, developments reached a climax. At Cambridge University, an initiative began to
establish some uniform standards and rules that would be accepted by everyone, but there
were essentially two camps: the minority – Rugby School and some others – wished to
continue with their own form of the game, in particular allowing players to carry the ball. In
October of the same year, eleven London clubs and schools sent representatives to establish a
set of fundamental rules to govern the matches played amongst them. This meeting marked
the birth of the Football Association.
J
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The dispute concerning kicking and tripping opponents and carrying the ball was discussed
thoroughly at this and subsequent meetings, until eventually, on 8 December, the die-hard
exponents of the Rugby style withdrew, marking a final split between rugby and football.
Within eight years, the Football Association already had 50 member clubs, and the first football
competition in the world was started – the FA Cup.
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