It was Dr Huffman who got to the bottom of the problem. He did so by watching what came
out of the chimps, rather than concentrating on what went in. He found that the egested leaves
were full of intestinal worms. The factor common to all 19 species of leaves swallowed by the
chimps was that they were covered with microscopic hooks. These caught the worms and
dragged them from their lodgings.
I
Following that observation, Dr Engel is now particularly excited about how knowledge of the
way that animals look after themselves could be used to improve the health of livestock. People
might also be able to learn a thing or two, and may, indeed, already have done so. Geophagy,
for example, is a common behaviour in many parts of the world. The medical stalls in African
markets frequently sell tablets made of different sorts of clays, appropriate to different medical
conditions.
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Africans brought to the Americas as slaves continued this tradition, which gave their owners
one more excuse to affect to despise them. Yet, as Dr Engel points out, Rwandan mountain
gorillas eat a type of clay rather similar to kaolinite – the main ingredient of many patent
medicines sold over the counter in the West for digestive complaints. Dirt can sometimes be
good for you, and to be “as sick as a parrot” may, after all, be a state to be desired.
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