READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40
Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage
3.
Bondi Beach
A
Bondi Beach, Australia’s most famous beach, is located in the suburb of Bondi, in the Local
Government Area of Waverley, seven kilometers from the centre of Sydney. “Bondi” or
“Boondi” is an Aboriginal word meaning water breaking over rocks or the sound of breaking
waves. The Australian Museum records that Bondi means a place where a flight of nullas took
place. There are Aboriginal Rock carving on the northern end of the beach at Ben Buckler and
south of Bondi Beach near McKenzies Beach on the coastal walk.
B
The indigenous people of the area at the time of European settlement have generally been
welcomed to as the Sydney people or the Eora (Eora means “the people”). One theory describes
the Eora as a sub-group of the Darug language group which occupied the Cumberland Plain
west to the Blue Mountains. However, another theory suggests that they were a distinct
language group of their own. There is no clear evidence for the name or names of the particular
band(s) of the Eora that roamed what is now the Waverley area. A number of place names
within Waverley, most famously Bondi, have been based on words derived from Aboriginal
languages of the Sydney region.
C
From the mid-1800s Bondi Beach was a favourite location for family outings and picnics. The
beginnings of the suburb go back to 1809, when the early road builder, William Roberts,
received from Governor Bligh a grant of 81 hectares of what is now most of the business and
residential area of Bondi Beach. In 1851, Edward Smith Hall and Francis O’Brien purchased
200 acres of the Bondi area that embraced almost the whole frontage of Bondi Beach, and it
was named the “The Bondi Estate.” Between 1855 and 1877 O’Brien purchased Hall’s share of
the land, renamed the land the “O’Brien Estate,” and made the beach and the surrounding land
available to the public as a picnic ground and amusement resort. As the beach became
increasingly popular, O’Brien threatened to stop public beach access. However, the Municipal
Council believed that the Government needed to intervene to make the beach a public reserve.
D
During the 1900s beach became associated with health, leisure and democracy – a playground
everyone could enjoy equally. Bondi Beach was a working-class suburb throughout most of the
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twentieth century with migrant people from New Zealand comprising the majority of the local
population. The first tramway reached the beach in 1884. Following this, tram became the first
public transportation in Bondi. As an alternative, this action changed the rule that only rich
people can enjoy the beach. By the 1930s Bondi was drawing not only local visitors but also
people from elsewhere in Australia and overseas. Advertising at the time referred to Bondi
Beach as the “Playground of the Pacific”.
E
There is a growing trend that people prefer having to relax near seaside instead of living
unhealthily in cities. The increasing popularity of sea bathing during the late 1800s and early
1900s raised concerns about public safety and how to prevent people from drowning. In
response, the world’s first formally documented surf lifesaving club, the Bondi Surf Bathers’
Life Saving Club, was formed in 1907. This was powerfully reinforced by the dramatic events
of “Black Sunday” at Bondi in 1938. Some 35,000 people were on the beach and a large group
of lifesavers were about to start a surf race when three freak waves hit the beach, sweeping
hundreds of people out to sea. Lifesavers rescued 300 people. The largest mass rescue in the
history of surf bathing, it confirmed the place of the lifesaver in the national imagination.
F
Bondi Beach is the endpoint of the City to Surf Fun Run which is held each year in August.
Australian surf carnivals further instilled this image. A Royal Surf Carnival was held at Bondi
Beach for Queen Elizabeth II during her first visited in Australia in 1954. Since 1867, there have
been over fifty visits by a member of the British Royal Family to Australia. In addition to many
activities, the Bondi Beach Markets is open every Sunday. Many wealthy people spend
Christmas Day at the beach. However, the shortage of houses occurs when lots of people
crushed to the seaside. Manly is the seashore town which solved this problem. However,
people still choose Bondi as the satisfied destination rather than Manly.
G
Bondi Beach has a commercial area along Campbell Parade and adjacent side streets, featuring
many popular cafes, restaurants, and hotels, with views of the contemporary beach. It is
depicted as wholly modern and European. In the last decade, Bondi Beaches’ unique position
has seen a dramatic rise in svelte houses and apartments to take advantage of the views and
scent of the sea. The valley running down to the beach is the famous world over for its view of
distinctive red-tiled roofs. Those architectures are deeply influenced by British coastal town.
H
Bondi Beach hosted the beach volleyball competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics. A
temporary 10,000-seat stadium, a much smaller stadium, 2 warm-up courts, and 3 training
courts were set up to host the tournament. The Bondi Beach Volleyball Stadium was
constructed for it and stood for just six weeks. Campaigners oppose both the social and
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environmental consequences of the development. The stadium will divide the beach in two and
seriously restrict public access for swimming, walking, and other forms of outdoor recreation.
People protest for their human rights of having a pure seaside and argue for health life in Bondi.
I
“They’re prepared to risk lives and risk the Bondi beach environment for the sake of eight days
of volleyball”, said Stephen Uniacke, a construction lawyer involved in the campaign. Other
environmental concerns include the possibility that soil dredged up from below the sand will
acidify when brought to the surface.
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