Measurement of blood pressure
Diagnosis of hypertension
We find the daytime (awake) average of ≥130 mmHg systolic or ≥80 mmHg diastolic to
be the most useful of these definitions.
Proper technique and interpretation of the blood pressure is essential in the diagnosis
and management of hypertension (see
'Blood pressure measurement'
above):
●
A number of steps should ideally be followed to achieve maximum accuracy of
office measurement (
table 1
). Rather than an auscultatory device (one that
requires a stethoscope), we recommend using an oscillometric blood pressure
device designed specifically for the office setting. Automated oscillometric office
blood pressure (AOBP) devices can take multiple consecutive readings in the office
with the patient sitting and resting alone (ie, unattended measurement) or with an
attendant present. Either unattended or attended AOBP better predicts the results
of awake (daytime) ABPM than traditional office blood pressure measurement and
may reduce the white coat effect. (See
'Office-based blood pressure measurement'
above.)
•
ABPM is the preferred method for confirming the diagnosis of hypertension. High-
quality data suggest that ABPM predicts target organ damage and cardiovascular
events better than office blood pressure readings. (See
'Ambulatory blood
pressure monitoring'
above.)
•
To measure blood pressure at home, patients should be instructed to use a
validated, automated oscillometric device that measures blood pressure in the
brachial artery (upper arm) and to perform measurements in a quiet room after
five minutes of rest in the seated position with the back and arm supported and
legs uncrossed. At least 12 to 14 measurements should be obtained, with both
morning and evening measurements taken, over a period of one week each
month. (See
'Home blood pressure monitoring'
above.)
•
In an individual patient, we feel that making the diagnosis of hypertension requires the
integration of multiple blood pressure readings, the use of appropriate technique, and
also the use of measurements made outside of the usual office setting (
algorithm 1
). (See
'Making the diagnosis of hypertension'
above.)
●
A diagnosis can be made, without further confirmatory readings, in the following
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