Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as a blood pressure ≥130 mmHg systolic and <80
mmHg diastolic, and isolated diastolic hypertension is defined as a blood pressure <130
mmHg systolic and ≥80 mmHg diastolic. Patients with a blood pressure ≥130 mmHg
systolic and ≥80 mmHg diastolic are considered to have mixed systolic/diastolic
hypertension.
In clinical practice, patients who are taking medications for hypertension are usually
defined as having hypertension, specifically “treated hypertension,” regardless of their
observed blood pressure.
European guidance on the definition of hypertension contrasts with that of the ACC/AHA.
The European Society of Cardiology and European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH), the
International Society of Hypertension (ISH), as well as the National Institute for Health and
Care Excellence
(NICE) guidelines
, define hypertension, using office-based blood pressure,
as a systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg (
table 2
) [
5-7
].
In general, definitions for hypertension are based upon the relationship between blood
pressure and the incidence of cardiovascular events in large populations, derived from
numerous observational studies and randomized trials, in which blood pressure was
measured in various types of office settings with variable equipment and technique [
8
].
(See
'Complications of hypertension'
below.)
When evaluating an individual patient, making the diagnosis of hypertension is complex
and requires integration of repeated blood pressure measurements, using appropriate
technique, both in and out of the office. The schema for establishing the diagnosis of
hypertension is presented below (
algorithm 1
and
table 3
). (See
'Making the
diagnosis of hypertension'
below.)
80>80>80>120>
Dostları ilə paylaş: