PRIMARY HYPERTENSION
Pathogenesis — Maintenance of arterial blood pressure is necessary for organ perfusion.
In general, the arterial blood pressure is determined by the following equation:
Blood pressure (BP) = Cardiac output (CO) x Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Blood pressure reacts to changes in the environment to maintain organ perfusion over a
wide variety of conditions. The primary factors determining the blood pressure are the
sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the plasma
volume (largely mediated by the kidneys).
The pathogenesis of primary hypertension (formerly called "essential" hypertension) is
poorly understood but is most likely the result of numerous genetic and environmental
factors that have multiple compounding effects on cardiovascular and kidney structure and
function. Some of these factors are discussed in the ensuing section.
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