Office-based blood pressure measurement — Proper technique and interpretation of the
blood pressure is essential in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. A number
of steps should ideally be followed to achieve maximum accuracy (
table 1
) [
5,9,10
]. An
appropriately sized cuff must be used (
table 5
). (See
"Blood pressure measurement in
the diagnosis and management of hypertension in adults"
.)
Rather than an auscultatory device (one that requires a stethoscope), we recommend using
an oscillometric blood pressure device designed specifically for the office setting.
Automated devices can take multiple consecutive readings in the office with the patient
sitting and resting alone (ie, unattended measurement) or with an observer present. Either
unattended or attended automated oscillometric blood pressure (AOBP) measurement
predict the results of awake ABPM better than traditional office blood pressure
measurement and may reduce the white coat effect [
11
]. (See
"Blood pressure
measurement in the diagnosis and management of hypertension in adults", section on
'Automated oscillometric blood pressure measurement'
.)
Given the importance of obtaining accurate and reproducible blood pressure readings, we
suggest that all providers work towards having access to ABPM, automated office blood
pressure monitoring (AOBPM), or both.
However, if AOBP measurement is not available, office measurements should be
performed with the patient positioned properly and allowed to rest comfortably for at least
five minutes, and measurements should be repeated at least twice (
table 1
). The
average of these readings should also be provided to the patient.
In addition to obtaining multiple blood pressure measurements, blood pressure should be
measured in both arms, at least at the initial visit. In older individuals or those with
potential orthostatic symptoms, postural measurements should also be taken:
Systolic blood pressure readings in the left and right arms should be roughly
equivalent. A discrepancy of more than 15 mmHg may indicate subclavian stenosis
and, hence, peripheral arterial disease. If there is a significant difference in blood
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