networks. These networks use quantum key distribution technology to transmit data
between two points by encoding data on individual particles. Any attempted hack
automatically severs the connection, thus alerting the parties that an intrusion was
Raymond Newell, Hudson Quantum Conference, Panel on Quantum Cybersecurity, Question &
Lily Chen, AFCEA 2018 Cybersecurity Technology Summit, Panel on Quantum Computing, February
“Post-Quantum Cryptography Workshops and Timeline,” Computer Security Research Center,
https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/post-quantum-cryptography/workshops-and-timeline.
Quantum Computing: How to Address the National Security Risk
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information is unhackable as it is travelling between the two points.
31
China used this
type of technology in its Micius satellite and in the 2,000 kilometer network it built
between Beijing and Shanghai.
32
Yet there are limits to how far these networks can transmit information, and a
quantum repeater—essentially an amplifier—will need to be created for them to
become viable over long distances.
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An important step in developing and commercializing these promising quantum
networks is to draft and implement compliance and compatibility standards. Unlike
many instances where government pushes for standards and requirements in
implementing a new technology, it is actually private industry that is driving the push
for quantum network standards. This is because standardization is necessary to
accelerate and expand the commercialization of quantum information technology by
stimulating a global supply chain and driving costs sharply down (by one expert’s
estimate, as much as one hundredfold).
A crucial component of this standardization is defining interoperability standards so
that one quantum network can connect to a different quantum network. Either way, a
clearly defined set of standards will make it possible for companies and other entities
to connect their products into larger and larger networks, which in turn will enable
quantum technology to advance more rapidly and ultimately create a global quantum
internet.
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Additionally, standards will inform government policy and in turn, such policies will
set future requirements for those working in quantum technology across the globe,
which is one reason the U.S. should aim to be the front-runner in developing
standards.
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