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Post-quantum Cryptography
The next step is to develop post-quantum cryptography, often referred to as
quantum-resistant algorithms (QRAs). Just as asymmetric encryption uses difficult
math problems to stump classical computers, post-quantum cryptography will use
difficult math problems to stump a quantum computer. The challenge lies in creating
useful math problems for this purpose.
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One of the challenges with post-quantum cryptography is that the projected timeline
for implementation is too far past the projected development of a quantum prime
computer. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), housed within
the Department of Commerce, is working to develop and certify standards for such
algorithms. NIST’s tentative timeline for this project goes only so far as to put
together draft standards for 2022–24, while noting that this timeline is subject to
change.
However, as Dr. Lily Chen noted at the 2018 summit of AFCEA (Armed Forces
Communications and Electronics Association) in Washington, D.C.,
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after such
standards are created, it will take another 10 years before they are implemented,
potentially pushing the NIST timeline out to 2034+.
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Even accepting the most
conservative predictions about the probable date for achieving a quantum prime
computer (approximately 20 years away), this puts the timeline for protecting
valuable data from the quantum threat uncomfortably behind the emergence of the
threat itself.
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