More useful articles:
A full description of our research on The New York
Times Most E-Mailed list, as well as our findings, can be found in Berger,
Jonah, and Katherine Milkman (2012), “What Makes Online Content
Viral,” Journal of Marketing Research 49, no. 2, 192–205.
awe is the sense of wonder:
For a great overview article on awe, see
Keltner, D., and J. Haidt (2003), “Approaching Awe, a Moral, Spiritual,
and Aesthetic Emotion,” Cognition and Emotion, 17, 297–314. For a
more recent empirical treatment, see Shiota, M. N., D. Keltner, and A.
Mossman (2007), “The Nature of Awe: Elicitors, Appraisals, and Effects
on Self-concept,” Cognition and Emotion 21, 944–63.
“The most beautiful emotion”:
The Einstein quote comes from Ulam, S.
M., Françoise Ulam, and Jan Myielski (1976), Adventures of a
Mathematician (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons), 289.
Awe-inspiring articles:
Berger and Milkman, “What Makes Online Content
Viral,” 192–205.
Susan Boyle’s first appearance:
Susan Boyle’s performance can be found at
http://jonahberger.com
.
helps deepen our social connection:
For a discussion of how the social
sharing of emotion deepens social bonds, see Peters, Kim, and Yoshihasa
Kashima (2007), “From Social Talk to Social Action: Shaping the Social
Triad with Emotion Sharing,” Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology 93, no. 5, 780–97.
negative content should be more viral:
For a discussion of positive and
negative word of mouth, see Godes, Dave, Yubo Chen, Sanjiv Das,
Chrysanthos Dellarocas, Bruce Pfeiffer, et al. (2005), “The Firm’s
Management of Social Interactions,” Marketing Letters 16, nos. 3–4,
415–28.
psychologist Jamie Pennebaker:
A discussion of linguistic inquiry and
word count can be found in: Pennebaker, James W., Roger J. Booth, and
Martha E. Francis (2007), “Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count:
LIWC2007,” accessed October 14, 2011;
http://www.liwc.net/
. For a
review of how LIWC has been used to study a range of psychological
processes, see Pennebaker, James W., Matthias R. Mehl, and Katie
Niederhoffer (2003), “Psychological Aspects of Natural Language Use:
Our Words, Our Selves,” Annual Review of Psychology 54, 547–77.
the amount of positivity and negativity:
The greater the percentage of
emotional words in a passage of text, the more emotion it tends to
express. Pennebaker, J. W., and M. E. Francis (1996), “Cognitive,
Emotional, and Language Processes in Disclosure,” Cognition and
Emotion 10, 601–26.
newcomers falling in love with New York City:
Berger and Milkman, “What
Makes Online Content Viral,” 192–205.
Articles that evoked anger or anxiety:
Ibid.
physiological arousal:
A great deal of research in psychology has examined
the so-called two-dimensional theory of affect (valence and arousal). For
discussions, see Barrett, Lisa Feldman, and James A. Russell (1999),
“The Structure of Current Affect: Controversies and Emerging
Consensus,” Current Directions in Psychological Science 8, no. 1, 10–14;
Christie, I. C., and B. H. Friedman (2004), “Autonomic Specificity of
Discrete Emotion and Dimensions of Affective Space: A Multivariate
Approach,” International Journal of Psychophysiology 51, 143–53; and
Schlosberg, H. (1954), “Three Dimensions of Emotion,” Psychological
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