In 1605 Oxford was still a walled city, but several colleges had been built outside
the city walls (north is at the bottom on this map)
The new learning of the Renaissance greatly influenced Oxford from the late 15th
century onwards. Among university scholars of the period were William Grocyn,
who contributed to the revival of Greek language studies, and John Colet, the noted
biblical scholar.
With the English Reformation and the breaking of communion with the Roman
Catholic Church, recusant scholars from Oxford fled to continental Europe, settling
especially at the University of Douai.
[29]
The method of teaching at Oxford was
transformed from the medieval scholastic method to Renaissance education,
although institutions associated with the university suffered losses of land and
revenues. As a centre of learning and scholarship, Oxford's reputation declined in
the Age of Enlightenment; enrolments fell and teaching was neglected.
In 1637,
[citation needed]
William Laud, the chancellor and Archbishop of Canterbury,
codified the university's statutes. These, to a large extent, remained its governing
regulations until the mid-19th century. Laud was also responsible for the granting
of a charter securing privileges for the University Press, and he made significant
contributions to the Bodleian Library, the main library of the university. From the
beginnings of the Church of England as the established church until 1866,
membership of the church was a requirement to receive the BA degree from the
university and "dissenters" were only permitted to receive the MA in 1871.
[30]
The university was a centre of the Royalist party during the English Civil War
(1642–1649), while the town favoured the opposing Parliamentarian cause.
[31]
From the mid-18th century onwards, however, the University of Oxford took little
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