Parts of a gas centrifuge system for enriching uranium were dug up in Baghdad.
Ensemble (noun)
a group of musicians engaged in a performance
An ensemble of violinists played at the wedding.
Ensue (verb)
to occur as a consequence
A large battle ensued, but the Vikings were eventually able to resist the attack.
Enterprise (noun)
A commercial organization
While healthcare strategies abound from diverse viewpoints and divergent professional
groups, no one strategy has all the answers to reform the medical healthcare
enterprise.
Enthrall (verb)
catching and holding the full attention
The journal of Lewis and Clark, which depicts their extraordinary journey of eight-
thousand miles, is enthralling reading today.
Enthusiast (noun)
one who is ardently attached to a cause, object, or pursuit; one who tends to become
ardently absorbed in an interest
At one time, spotting a cougar in the eastern U.S. ranked alongside an encounter with
Bigfoot or a UFO. But over the years, the rise in cougar tales has sparked an interest in
wildlife officials and cougar enthusiasts alike.
Entirety (noun)
an amount of quantity from which nothing is left out or held back
Some mental illnesses are caused by severe abuse during childhood violence so extreme
that the child cannot absorb the trauma in its entirety.
Entrap (verb)
to catch or control by a source of danger not easily foreseen and avoided
Upon locating its food, the anteater entraps it with its sticky saliva, hence making sure
that the nest is wiped clean.
Envision (verb)
to picture to oneself: think
But scientists envision nonmilitary uses.
Envoy (noun)
a person delegated to represent one government in its dealings with another
In April 1803, Napoleon Bonaparte negotiated the sale of the Louisiana Territory with
the envoys of President Thomas Jefferson.
Eon (noun)
a long time
Collectively, these frozen archives give scientists unprecedented views of global climate
over the eons.
Epicenter (noun)
the part of the earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
Buildings from as far as 50 miles from the epicenter of the 7.9 earthquake suffered
extensive damage.
Episode (noun)
something significant that happens
Most people have observed mild dissociative episodes in which they lose touch with
their surroundings. Examples include daydreaming, highway hypnosis, or losing oneself
in a movie or book.
Equation (noun)
statement that two mathematical expressions are equal
Sucrose + H2O v Glucose + Fructose: We will need to remember that equation for the
test.
Equidistant (adjective)
being the same distance as something else
In the copper crystal the spheres are packed closely together in such a fashion that each
atom has twelve equidistant neighbors.
Equilibrium (noun)
a stable state characterized by the cancellation of all forces by equal opposing forces
The fusion process released tremendous amounts of heat and light which could then
combat the compressing force of gravity; eventually, the two forces reached
equilibrium.
Equip (verb)
to supply what is needed for some activity or purpose
To further their success, psychics must equip themselves with the fundamental
knowledge regarding human nature that most of us do not normally appreciate.
Equivalent (adjective)
equal in force, amount, or value; also : equal in area or volume but not admitting of
superposition; corresponding or virtually identical especially in effect or function
"This is a boon to employers," said Ross Eisenbrey, policy director for the liberal
Washington based think tank. "They'll be given a green light to exempt people (from
overtime) whom Congress never intended to be treated as the equivalent of doctors and
lawyers."
E
RA
(
NOUN
)
A LARGE DIVISION OF GEOLOGIC TIME USUALLY SHORTER THAN AN EON
F
OR EXAMPLE
,
65
MILLION YEARS AGO A
6.2-
MILE
(10
KILOMETER
)-
DIAMETER ASTEROID IMPACT
RESULTED IN A
100-
MILLION
-
MEGATON EXPLOSION THAT EXCAVATED A
112-
MILE
(180
KILOMETER
)-
WIDE CRATER ON THE
Y
UCATÁN
P
ENINSULA IN
M
EXICO AND BROUGHT THE
DINOSAUR ERA TO AN END
.
E
RADICATE
(
VERB
)
TO DESTROY ALL TRACES OF
E
VEN THOUGH SMALLPOX WAS ERADICATED TWO YEARS AFTER THE LAST KNOWN CASE WAS
REPORTED IN
S
OMALIA IN
1977,
IT IS STILL CONSIDERED A DANGER DUE TO THE POTENTIAL
TERRORIST THREAT IT POSES IF USED AS A BIOLOGICAL WEAPON
.
E
RECT
(
VERB
)
TO MAKE OR FORM A STRUCTURE
I
N MORE MODERN TIMES IN THE
U
NITED
S
TATES
,
WINDMILLS WERE ERECTED AS THE
W
EST WAS
BEING DEVELOPED DURING THE LATE
19
TH CENTURY
.
Erode (verb)
to consume gradually, as by chemical reaction, friction, etc.
Powerful waves caused by a storm off the coast of the Atlantic Ocean eroded more than
150 miles of coastline.
Eruption (noun)
a sudden, violent explosion, as from a volcano
The Indonesian volcano Toba blew its top in the largest volcanic eruption of the last half
million years.
Essentially (adverb)
as an inborn and basic element
Studies of lunar samples revealed that the interior of the Moon is essentially devoid of
water, so no underground supplies could be used by lunar inhabitants.
Eternal (adjective)
existing or occurring without interruption or end
It was not until the end of World War II that the eternal succession of international
wars ceased in Europe.
Enterprise (noun)
a project or undertaking that is especially difficult, complicated,
or risky; a unit of economic organization or activity
Over the last 125 years, scientific research and science-based technology have been the
most profound agents of change in American life, and science has grown into a complex
enterprise interwoven with all aspects of our culture.
Ethical (adjective)
involving or expressing moral approval or disapproval
The American Medical Association (AMA) on Tuesday endorsed cloning for research
purposes, saying it is medically ethical but allowing doctors who oppose the practice to
refuse to perform it.
Ethnography (noun)
descriptive anthropology, which is the study of man in relation to distribution, origin,
classification, and relationship to races, physical character, environmental and social
relations and culture
Data from the two locations of Sterling’s ethnography show a uniform preference for
marriage within the community as well as an interesting contrast in rates of endogamy.
Entropic (verb)
rich in dissolved nutrients such as phosphates but often hallow and seasonally deficient in
oxygen
As a result of pollution, a lake can become entropic, hence making it distasteful and
unhealthy.
Evaporate (verb)
to pass off as vapor by being heated
There is a special critical initial strength such that the field cannot decide whether to
evaporate away or collapse to form a black hole.
Excavate (verb)
to expose to view by or as if by digging away a covering
Gold jewelry and other precious items recovered from royal tombs excavated at the
ancient Assyrian capital of Nimrud.
Exceed (verb)
to go beyond the limits of
The life span of five Western Diamondbacks at the San Diego Zoo has exceeded 15 yrs.
Excel (verb)
to be greater or better than
Because to compete in the emerging global economy, city-states have no choice: they
must mobilize all their skills to protect their center cities, grow smarter, protect their air
and water, achieve more social equity, and train their workforce to excel in an
increasingly competitive world marketplace.
Exceptional (adjective)
far above others in quality or excellence
As the boycott continued during 1956, King gained national prominence as a result of his
exceptional oratorical skills and personal courage.
Excess (adjective)
being more than is needed, desired, or appropriate
Of 14 studies on the mortality of firefighters, 11 found excess risk for brain cancer.
Exclusively (adverb)
to the exclusion of any other possibility
Kinesiology is a class exclusively for those majoring in Physical Education
Exert (verb)
to bring to bear steadily or forcefully
Athletes must not over exert themselves too much when stretching but instead they
should let their flexibility increase over time.
Exhume (verb)
to take out of the grave or tomb
The investigation calls for exhuming and testing the remains of Billy the Kid's mother
and Ollie L. “Brushy Bill'' Roberts. Roberts, who died in 1950, swore he was William H.
Bonney, the name most often given by the Kid as his real one.
Exhibition (noun)
an act of showing or displaying
Many sculptures and paintings are on exhibition at the National Gallery of Art.
Expenditure (noun)
something spent to obtain a benefit or desired result
Total healthcare expenditures can be very expensive.
Expectant (adjective)
expecting the birth of a child
Putting bacteria back into the equation for expectant mothers and infants may help
reduce the risk of developing eczema (or dermatitis, as it is sometimes called) well into
childhood.
Explode (verb)
to come open or fly apart suddenly and violently, as from internal pressure
In April 1986, Russia's nuclear power station at Chernobyl exploded, killing 250 people
and sending radioactive fallout around the world.
Exploit (noun)
a great or heroic deed
Given to reading books of chivalry, the protagonist Alonso Quijano, influenced by the
exploits of his heroes, loses his mind and decides to become a knight, go out in search of
adventure and impose justice according to the code of the knights errant.
Exposure (noun)
the condition of being laid open to something undesirable or injurious
General causes for primary brain cancer can include a prior head injury, infections,
exposure to chemical toxins such as insecticides and fungicides and exposure to
radiation such as microwave or radio frequencies.
Express (verb)
to convey in language or words of a particular form
This led to a professor at Stanford University to multiply this ratio by 100 to express a
child’s performance. He called this the intelligence quotient, or IQ.
Exquisite (adjective)
of such tasteful beauty as to elicit admiration
Although the Neanderthal man was not yet fully human and although he had a brain
volume larger than that of modern man, he made exquisite tools of stone.
Extirpate (verb)
to destroy completely, to wipe out
The insecticides sprayed around the house have successfully extirpated the termite
infestation.
Extol (verb)
to pay tributes or homage to; to honor (a diety) in religious worship
Benjamin Franklin extols the virtues of honesty, integrity, high moral standard in some
of his writings.
Extraordinary (adjective)
far beyond what is usual, normal, or customary
Quincy Jones has won an extraordinary number of Grammy Awards both as musician
and producer.
Extraneous (adjective)
not part of the essential nature of a thing; not relevant or
pertinent to the subject; not
applicable
An essay with poor development, simplistic organization, and extraneous details will
score 2.0 or lower on TOEFL iBT writing.
Eye-catching (adjective)
of such a character as to overwhelm
At the performance, the jugglers made such an eye-catching performance that they
were given a five minute standing ovation.
Facet (noun)
the particular angle from which something is considered
The album ranged widely across the various facets of contemporary Rhythm and Blues
including the dance hit Ai No Corrida and making a star out of James Ingram with his
lead vocals featured on Just Once and One Hundred Ways.
Facilitation (noun)
the act of smoothing, aiding, assisting, or helping
Progressive neuromuscular facilitation is the process of providing force during
stretching so as to improve the flexibility of an athlete.
Fall out of favor (verb phrase)
losing one’s popularity
By 1900 small electric wind systems were developed to generate direct current, but most
of these units fell out of favor when rural areas became attached to the national
electricity grid during the 1930s.
Fallout (noun)
radioactive nuclear debris
In April 1986, Russia's nuclear power station at Chernobyl exploded, killing 250 people
and sending radioactive fallout around the world.
Farce (noun)
a false, derisive, or impudent imitation of something
That there was gold in many parts of the Sacramento River turned out to be a farce.
Far-flung (adjective)
widely spread or distributed
We follow them from the Dodger camp in Santa Domingo to spring training in Florida
and through their first years in America and professional baseball in places as far-flung
and overwhelmingly white as Great Falls, Montana.
Far-reaching (adjective)
covering a wide scope
The crash of the Stock Market in 1929 had far-reaching effects on the US economy.
Fatality (noun)
a termination of life, usually the result of an accident or a disaster
Many fatalities have occurred from floods in the Midwest.
Fatigue (noun)
the condition of being extremely tired
In general, a high measure of cardio respiratory endurance is the ability to perform
about 60 minutes of vigorous exercise without too much fatigue.
Fearlessness (noun)
the quality of mind enabling one to face danger or hardship
courageously, with decision, and unwavering firmness
The Sioux fought against hostile tribes and white intruders. Soon, Sitting Bull became
known for his fearlessness in battle.
Feasible (adjective)
capable of occurring or being done
The cost analysis of a proper prescribed burn and the cost of battling a blaze in the load
fuel laden forests need to be considered to see which method is more economically
feasible given the tight budgetary constraints with which the government has to
operate.
Feat (noun)
a great or heroic deed; something completed successfully
Swimming across the English Channel is an athletic feat that few people ever
accomplish.
Feature (noun)
a distinctive element
A cold reading is the description of the personality, characteristics, features, past
experiences and sometimes the future of a person without the use of standard
psychological or other formal diagnostic procedures.
Feedback (noun)
information about the result of an experiment or action
Constructive feedback to a child’s positive behaviors is essential in conditioning him to
exhibit good behavior.
Feedstock (noun)
a supply stored or hidden for future use
Recycled materials, such as aluminum, also provide manufacturers with valuable
feedstock. For example, recycled aluminum cans are used to make new cans.
Fermentation (noun)
breaking down of a substance by microorganisms, such as yeasts and bacteria, usually in
the absence of oxygen, especially of sugar in making alcohol
In ancient times, people used fermentation to make beer and used plants to produce
dyes and medicines.
Fertility (noun)
the quality or state of being capable of breeding or reproducing
Although the impact of age on a woman's fertility has been well-studied, experts say this
is the first time such a strong association has been found between age and male fertility
in the time it takes to conceive a child.
Fetus (noun)
a developing human from usually three months after conception to birth
The young mother could feel her child’s fetus moving in her womb.
Fidelity (noun)
faithfulness or devotion to a person, a cause, obligations, or duties
In order to be considered a good Christian, a person must practice marital fidelity.
Figure (noun)
mathematical calculations
According to the figures compiled by Standard & Poor’s DRI division for the US
Conference of Mayors and National Association of Counties, the US’s 314 metro regions
are clearly the economic drivers, providing 84 percent of new jobs, 95 percent of high-
tech jobs, 88 percent of the country's income.
Filter (verb)
clarify, refine, clean
An electric pump filters out most of the impurities in a swimming pool.
Finished (adjective)
marked by having the highest quality
Japanese businesses are adept at importing raw materials and exporting finished
products to countries all over the world.
Finite (adjective)
limited, having a specific number
A black hole oscillates increasingly rapidly, performing an infinite number of oscillations
in a finite time.
Fizz (noun)
bubbles, hisses, and foams in a beverage as gas escapes
Torp rejected Green Peace’s suggestion that CO2 injection was illegal, noting that it was
legally sold and exported-- it is the ingredient that puts fizz in beer or soft drinks.
Fizzle (verb)
to fail or end feebly especially after a promising start — often used with the word out
Three decades after the concept of Pan-Africanism fizzled out; satellite television is
working where liberation philosophy did not: connecting and modernizing the world's
poorest continent.
Flair (adjective)
an innate or inborn capability; having a natural talent
Director and film producer, Steven Spielberg, has a flair for captivating his audiences
with the special effects and superb acting in his movies.
Flank (noun)
one of two or more contrasted parts or places identified by its location with respect to a
center
The slab avalanche is usually easily recognized by its distinct crown and flanks. Slab
and other avalanches can be hard or soft, wet or dry and can be triggered
naturally/artificially.
Flare (noun)
signal, bright light, or firework used as a signal
Crew members began to fire flares into the sky when they realized that the ship was
doomed to sink.
Flashback (noun)
scene in a movie or book set in a time earlier than the main action
Some movie directors use flashbacks as a way to create a more dramatic story.
Flaunt (verb)
to display or obtrude oneself to public notice
It was a sure sign that Embraer can fly as high as its competitor —— a point driven home
at the São Paulo show as Embraer opened a new front in the battle, flaunting its first
executive jet, the attractively priced $20 million Legacy.
Fleet (noun)
number of vehicles or aircraft operating under one proprietor
Americans throw away enough aluminum every three months to rebuild their entire
commercial air fleet.
Flexibility (noun)
the ability to bend easily without damage
To maintain flexibility stretching must be performed at least every 36 hours.
Flick (verb)
sudden movement or jerk, especially of the wrist
Warm your arms by swinging them around. Loosely do boxing style punch drills.
Loosely flick your wrists.
Flippant (adjective)
lacking proper respect or seriousness
Much of Mark Twain’s writings were flippant, and he used his characters to criticize the
culture and politics of his era.
Flock (verb)
a very large number of things grouped together
A flock of geese was seen just south of Orlando, Florida.
Flourish (verb)
improving, growing, or succeeding steadily
J.C. Penny started a flourishing business in which he offered customers retail products at
wholesale prices.
Flower (verb)
to blossom; to reach a peak
City-states importance were enlarged by the rapid flowering of the Internet and the
digital revolution.
Fluffy (adjective)
downy, soft, light, puffy
Fluffy down-filled pillows provide much needed to those who suffer from insomnia.
Fluid (adjective)
substance, especially a gas or liquid, whose shape is determined by its container
Hawaii’s volcanic eruptions are typically characterized by the relatively quiet outflow of
very fluid lava and by sometimes spectacular lava fountains.
Flux (noun)
something suggestive of running water
The tsunami's energy flux, which is dependent on both its wave speed and wave height,
remains nearly constant.
Foe (noun)
one who is hostile to or opposes the purpose or interests of another
In three remarkable careers as a foe of British oppression and champion of Independence
(1761-77), as an American diplomat in Europe (1778-88), and as the first vice president
(1789-97) and then the second president (1797-1801) of the United States John Adams was
a founder of the United States.
Follow-up (adjective)
a news story presenting new information on a story published earlier
In a follow-up report published in the May 31 issue of The Lancet, the same group of
researchers report that after four years, the children who were exposed to the probiotic
were 40% less likely to have atopic eczema than the children in the placebo group.
Forbid (verb)
so disagreeably austere as to discourage approach
Despite the forbidding conditions, scientists have found certain fish and other animals
to exist in the oceans’ deepest regions.
Forefront (noun)
something that occupies a front position; in or into a position of prominence
At the end of the 19th century, a new way of transmitting power came to the forefront-
electricity.
Forecaster (noun)
one who predicts future events such as the weather
Computer modeling to track these downdrafts and the cloud level ice crystals that help
produce them were developed to give forecasters the edge in predicting severe storm
systems, and possibly flooding, over the plains.
Former (adjective)
having been such previously
The term "Multiple Personality Disorder" or (MPD) has been largely replaced by
Dissociative Identity Disorder or (DID). As the former name implies, MPD/DID is a
mental condition in which two more personalities appear to inhabit a single body.
Formidable (adjective)
causing or able to cause fear; imposing a severe test of bodily or spiritual strength
The curved horn protruding from the Rhino’s head is a formidable weapon with which
its competitors will be confronted.
Foremost (adjective)
most important, influential, or significant
Alan Greenspan, one of the foremost economists in the US, has been chairman of the
Federal Reserve for a number of years.
Formula (noun)
chemical symbols showing the parts of a substance
The formula for glucose is usually written as C6H12O6. Glucose, once manufactured by
the plant, is used to create many of the more complex carbohydrates.
Formulate (verb)
to use in ingenuity in making, developing, or achieving
Alternate between your flash cards and notes and test yourself (orally or in writing) on
the questions you formulated. Make additional flash cards if necessary.
Fossil (noun)
natural fuel such as coal or gas
Atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides from coal and oil burning
power plants, cars, and other fossil fuel burning sources have climbed along with the
world population, with as yet unknown effects on the climate system.
Foster (verb)
to promote and sustain the development of
Hunters, traders, miners, and cattle ranchers, all of whom moved to the frontier areas of
the United States in the 1800's, did little to foster the birth of civilization in those areas.
Fountain (noun)
jet or jets of water made to spout for ornamental purposes or for drinking
Water is important for firefighting and for filling fountains and swimming pools.
Franchise (noun)
the right to be and exercise the rights of a corporation
A businessperson may purchase the rights to a franchise such as Taco Bell, which gives
him/her the rights to a proven system of operation and a trademark, and thus offering
customer’s assurance that the meal will be as expected.
Frigid (adjective)
very cold; lacking all friendliness and warmth
The precise composition and relative proportions of that dust and gas hold clues to the
materials and physical conditions present in the frigid outer regions of the solar system
where comets are formed.
Frontier (noun)
a region that forms the margin of settled or developed territory
Many were attracted to the American frontier by cheap land and a hunger for
adventure.
Fructose (noun)
the simple sugar found in honey and fruits
While Glucose and Fructose are absorbed directly into the blood stream, Sucrose is
hydrolyzed during digestion according to the following equation:
Sucrose + H2O v Glucose + Fructose
Fuel (noun)
material burned or used as a source of heat or power
Fats are necessary for some things such as fuel for our body, so it is important to get
about 30% of our calories from fats.
Fugitive (noun)
one who flees, as from home, confinement, captivity, justice, etc.
Because Bloodhounds have an innate ability to pick up even the smallest traces of a scent,
they are most effective in tracking down fugitives.
Function (noun)
a large or important social gathering
When we are surrounded by a group of adults at a formal function which our parents are
attending, we must say, "Could you please pass me that plate, if you don't mind?"
Fundamental (adjective)
a broad and basic rule or truth
The court described marriage as one of the basic civil rights of man and the most
important relation in life. The court also noted that the right to marry is part of the
fundamental right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution.
Fungicide (noun)
a substance which destroys any of a group or non-photosynthetic organisms feeding on
organic matter
General causes for primary brain cancer can include a prior head injury, infections,
exposure to chemical toxins such as insecticides and fungicides and exposure to
radiation such as microwave or radio frequencies.
Funnel (verb)
to move to a focal point or into a conduit or central channel
There also have been persistent reports that Saudi charities and members of the royal
family have funneled money to terrorists, including Osama bin Laden.
Fuse (verb)
to put together into one mass so that the constituent parts are more or
less homogeneous
The core thus begins to fuse helium into carbon to make enough energy to maintain its
balance with the crushing force of gravity.
Fuselage (noun)
the central body portion of an airplane designed to accommodate
passengers, crew, and cargo
In designing an aircraft, every square inch of wing and fuselage must be considered in
relation to the physical characteristics of the metal of which it is made.
Gadget (noun)
an often small mechanical or electronic device with a practical use but often thought of as a
novelty
Online search engine Google introduced several new gadgets in its popular toolbar
for Web browsers, hoping to build even greater brand loyalty amid heightened
competition.
Gage, gauge (verb)
to judge how people feel about something or what they are likely to do
Officials hope to gauge the effects alcohol programs.
Galaxy (noun)
one of billions of systems, each including stars, nebulae, star clusters, globular clusters,
and interstellar matter that make up the universe
Some prominent scientists believe that the evolution of the universe depended on a series
of explosions and that the shockwaves from these explosions were essential in the
formation of the galaxy.
Gargantuan (adjective)
of extraordinary size and power
During the ice age, gargantuan glaciers formed that were so water-depleting that sea
levels around the world fell by three hundred and fifty feet.
Garner (verb)
to collect something bit by bit
To garner support for the recall of the recently elected governor, the activists will have to
get 900,000 signatures from registered voters.
Gaunt (noun)
having little flesh or fat on the body
The gaunt, philandering cowboy has become a stock character in Western movies.
Gaze (verb)
an act of directing the eyes on an object
After a long gaze into the student’s eyes, the professor decided to discipline the student
for plagiarism.
Gelatinous (adjective)
resembling a glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by boiling; especially: a
colloidal protein used as a food, in photography, and in medicine
Scientists named the new species of jellyfish granrojo, Spanish for "big red." It's a
predator——a gelatinous blood-red cannonball between two and three feet (60 and 90
centimeters) across that floats through the deep ocean waters quietly devouring prey.
Gender (noun)
a grammatical correspondence to a classification of the two sexes
Employers value graduates who have a keen understanding of the impact of cultural,
racial, and gender diversity in the workplace, and who comprehend the global nature of
business and industry.
Gene (noun)
a unit of heredity composed of DNA or RNA and forming part of a chromosome that
determines a particular characteristic of a person
The genetic basis is believed by researchers to be highly complex, probably involving
several genes in combination.
Generic (adjective)
relating to or characteristic of a whole group or class; being or having a nonproprietary
name; having no particularly distinctive quality or application
Aventis said the FDA cannot make a ruling on the application before February 24, 2004,
and that it would mount legal challenges to make generic versions of its Love ox drug.
Genre (noun)
a kind of style or art
His career spans nearly all types of popular music from jazz to rock to dance and all
genres between.
Gentle (adjective)
of small intensity
Jaggar called Kilauea "the safest volcano on Earth" because of its typically gentle
activity.
Gesture (verb)
to make bodily motions to augment or replace spoken expression
She gestured her friend to come over to the counter at which point she served him a
drink.
Get-go (noun)
the very beginning -- used in the phrase from the get-go
There have been biblical scholars questioning the authenticity of the so-called Jesus box
from the get-go. Yesterday the Israel Antiquities Authority issued a report calling the
box a fake.
Gizzard (noun)
a muscular organ which is part of a bird’s stomach
A bird can swallow its food hole because it has a gizzard, whose principal function is to
break up the food into small particles for digestion.
Glacier (noun)
a mass of land ice formed by an accumulation of snow on high ground
Scientists collect ice cores by driving a hollow tube deep into the miles thick ice sheets of
Antarctica and Greenland (and in glaciers elsewhere).
Glucose (noun)
a simple sugar found in blood, fruit, etc.
Glucose is a type of carbohydrate.
Glamorous (adjective)
full of an exciting and often illusory and romantic attractiveness; especially: alluring or
fascinating personal attraction
The public regarded air travel as exciting and glamorous; the airlines worked hard to
add safety, reliability, and comfort to the public perception.
Go into effect (verb phrase)
to put into action or use; to carry out the functions, requirements, or terms of something,
especially laws or regulations
Nitrates didn't begin to climb significantly until after 1950, when cars and oil powered
plants appeared in a big way. Scientists credit the leveling off in sulfates and nitrates in
the atmosphere after the 1972 U.S. Clean Air Act went into effect.
Gorge (noun)
a narrow passage through land; a narrow steep-walled canyon or part of a canyon
Rich in geological and biological history, the Grand Canyon is a long, narrow gorge in
Arizona.
Gorgeous (adjective)
marked by extraordinary elegance, beauty, and splendor
We went on a hike through the gorgeous mountains of Colorado.
Govern (verb)
to exercise the authority or influence over
With all the fear and oppression of a dictatorship, Hitler governed the people ruthlessly.
Gradient (noun)
deviation from a particular direction
If the neutron star is too large, the gravitational forces overwhelm the pressure
gradients and collapse cannot be halted.
Grading (noun)
certain degree in rank, degree, quality, proficiency
This light dispersion, or color flash, has no effect on the technical grading of color.
Gradual (adjective)
proceeding very slowly by degrees
It is tempting to think that if language evolved by gradual Darwinian natural selection,
we must be able to find some precursor of it in our closest relatives, the chimpanzees.
Grasp the main point (verb phrase)
to perceive and recognize the meaning of
When you think you have grasped the main point the whole essay goes to prove,
underline it and write the thesis in the margin.
Gravitate toward (verb phrase)
to have a tendency toward
Sociology majors who are interested in organizational theory gravitate toward
organizational planning, development, and training.
Gravity (noun)
a force that attracts a body to the center of the earth or some other celestial body
Whenever a plane is in flight, there are four forces acting on it: gravity, lift, drag, and
thrust.
Graze (verb)
to make light and momentary contact with, as in passing
While at war, some soldiers experienced close combat in which bullets from enemy fire
literally grazed by their heads.
Greatly (adverb)
to a high degree
He nevertheless greatly admired black social gospel proponents such as his father who
saw the church as a instrument for improving the lives of African Americans.
Gregariousness (noun)
the act of associating with others of one’s kind
Meteorology and the gregariousness of the insect are two factors in the development of
a desert locust plague.
Grid (noun)
network of lines, electrical power connections, gas supply lines
By 1900 small electric wind systems were developed to generate direct current, but most
of these units fell out of favor when rural areas became attached to the national
electricity grid during the 1930s.
Grim (adjective)
stern or forbidding in action or appearance; gloomy, somber
The statistics paint a grim picture. According to the World Resources Institute, more
than 80 percent of the Earth’s natural forests already have been destroyed.
Groaning (adjective)
making a deep sound expressing pain, grief, disappoint
After the accident, there were groaning sounds, indicating that there was someone
trapped underneath the vehicle.
Gross (adjective)
consisting of an overall total exclusive of deductions
Snow, in prepared comments for Money magazine's Money Summit in New York, said he
sees annual gross domestic product growth near 3.5 percent by the latter part of 2009.
Groundbreaking (adjective)
characterized as being a new idea, method, or device: innovative
The project's centerpiece is groundbreaking computer software that is capable of
automatically identifying vehicles by size, color, shape and license tag, or drivers and
passengers by face.
Groundwork (noun)
anything on which something immaterial , such as an argument or charge, rests
Trying to escape overwhelming fear and pain by imagining you are somewhere else- or
someone else-seems to lay the groundwork for separating off some parts of your
identity.
Groupie (noun)
diligent follower of music groups, celebrities, or activities
Authors Jones and Dewey are respectively touted as prominent west coast and east coast
psychics. Not being your typical psychic groupie, it should come as no surprise that I
have never heard of either one.
Grueling (adjective)
trying or taxing to the point of exhaustion
Sophie, then 36, was airlifted to hospital and undertook a grueling two and a half hour
operation to end the potentially life threatening ectopic pregnancy, where the fetus grew
outside her womb.
Gush (verb)
to emit a sudden enormous flow
Fuel gushed from a vandalized pipeline and exploded in southeastern Nigeria, killing at
least 105 villagers as they scavenged gasoline.
Gut (noun)
the intestine, stomach organs of the body
Our gut can best be described as a very elaborate food "disassemble" plant.
Gutter (noun)
shallow trough along the eaves of the house; or a channel at the side of a street to drain off
rainwater
Used aluminum beverage cans remain the most recycled item in the U.S., but other types
of aluminum, such as siding, gutters, storm window frames and lawn furniture, can
also be recycled.
Haggle (verb)
to negotiate over the terms of a purchase, agreement, or contract
Many felt--or were told--that the dealer wouldn’t haggle because of special pricing or
financing on the vehicle.
Handicap (verb)
to have an unfavorable condition, circumstance, or characteristic
In searching for a cure for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus,
researchers have been handicapped because of a lacking of funding by the government.
Habitat (noun)
the natural environment of an animal or plant
Fires help habitats and are important to endangered species of animals that rely on
these plants for survival.
Hail (verb)
to greet with enthusiastic approval: praise, acclaim
Economists, however, hailed the report, saying it suggested consumer spending could
rise at a 3 percent pace in the second quarter.
Hallucination (noun)
an erroneous perception of reality
Certain kinds of illicit drugs are known to cause users to experience hallucinations.
Halt (verb)
to prevent the occurrence or continuation or a movement, action, or operation
If the neutron star is too large, the gravitational forces overwhelm the pressure gradients
and collapse cannot be halted.
Hammer (verb)
to make repeated efforts; especially : to reiterate an opinion or attitude
The most effective technique is to start with the dealer's cost and bargain slowly up from
there, rather than starting with the asking price and trying to hammer that
downwards.
Hamper by (verb)
the interfere with the progress of
Electric car production is hampered by the limited energy supply of their batteries.
Handicraft (noun)
an occupation requiring great skill with the hands; the articles fashioned by those engaged
in handicraft
Acting as a sideline to farming and other occupations, traditional handicrafts are
important to many Native American tribes.
Hardy (adjective)
capable of withstanding adverse conditions
Llamas are used to protect cattle and sheep herds from wolves. Among the oldest
domestic animals in the world, they are hardy, intelligent, and easy to train.
Harness (verb)
to make use of, i.e., natural resources, especially to produce energy
The challenge of the 21st century is to harness such forces, and civic will, for strategic
regional planning.
Hatch (verb)
to cause to come into existence
The Goliath and Hercules Beetle lay their eggs in rubbish heap, rotting tree trunks,
sawdust, and other vegetative matter. These hatch into small larvae in 10 to 18 days.
Hatchling (noun)
an animal which has recently emerged from an egg, chrysalis, or pupa
Being a fraction of the size of sea-feeding adults, the parr are able to sneak up and
fertilize a female's eggs without being noticed. Up to 40 percent of hatchlings are
fathered by these parr.
Hazardous (adjective)
involving risk, loss, or injury
It is prohibited to dispose of hazardous waste along the highway.
Head (verb)
to point or proceed in a certain direction
Dr. Eric Topol, cardiology chief at the Cleveland Clinic, said the polypill idea runs
counter to the way medicine is headed in the future, which is toward personalized
medication based on an individual's genetic profile.
Headfirst (adverb)
with the head foremost
Like black bears, porcupines climb down a tree backward because their hind paws
cannot support them if they go down headfirst.
Head-on (adjective)
with the head or front making the initial contact
Strong neck and shoulder muscles and an extra-thick skull absorb the impact of head-on
collisions.
Headwater (noun)
streams flowing at the sources of a river
Lake Itasca, located in upstate Minnesota, contains the headwaters to the Mississippi
River.
Headquarters (noun)
administrative center of an organization
Today, we find the national park headquarters and overnight accommodations in this
area, including Furnace Creek Ranch and Furnace Creek Inn.
Headway (noun)
forward movement
Remarkably, the Salmon fish makes significant headway against the swift currents of a
river.
Heaps (noun)
a disordered pile of something
Many insects are known to lay their eggs in garbage heaps.
Hearing (noun)
a chance to be heard; preliminary appearance in a court, a chance
to state someone’s case
Adams's innate conservatism made him determined in 1770 that the British soldiers
accused of the Boston Massacre be given a fair hearing.
Heartland (noun)
a central geographical region especially of the U.S. in which main stream or traditional
values predominate
His story dramatizes the profound changes taking place in America’s heartland.
Hemisphere (noun)
half of the earth as divided by the equator
Badwater is the lowest point in the hemisphere at 282 feet below sea level.
Herald (verb)
to make known the presence or arrival of
With ominous dark clouds quickly approaching from the horizon, the storm heralded
trouble for the city of Tupelo.
Heredity (noun)
the sum of the qualities and potentialities genetically derived
from one’s ancestors
Heredity may sometimes be a deciding factor in why some people become clinically
obese.
Heresy (noun)
an opinion, doctrine, or practice contrary to the truth or to generally accepted beliefs
Vigorously opposing this teaching, the First Council of Constantinople reasserted the
Nicene condemnation of Arianism as heresy in 381, and Arianism soon disappeared
from the Roman Empire.
Heretofore (adverb)
up to this time; hitherto
Satellites, combined with state-of-the-art imaging techniques, offer ordinary humans
something heretofore found only among comic-book superheroes: the gift of super
sight.
Heyday (noun)
the period of one's greatest strength, vigor, or prosperity
After all, you don't have to be a wizard to realize that overloading on real estate today
makes about as much sense as overloading on tech funds did during their heyday in the
late '90s.
Hiatus (noun)
an interruption in time or continuity; break
After a six-year hiatus in human space flight, NASA debuted the space shuttle Columbia
with a radical new idea: a reusable spaceship that would take off like a conventional
rocket and land like a glider.
Hibernate (verb)
to spend the winter in a state of temporary inactivity
Snakes hibernate in the burrows of other small animals, but they are often seen laying
in the sun on rocks, and on the side of roads.
Hide (noun)
the skin of an animal
The Assiniboine, a tribe of Plains Indians, made their clothing from the hides of their
dead prey.
Hieroglyphics (noun)
written in, or constituting, or belonging to a system of writing in mainly pictorial
characters
It is agreed by most historians that the English alphabet descended from ancient
Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Highlight (verb)
to draw attention to something, such as marking a text with a yellow pen
An active reader underlines or highlights important points he has just read.
Hijack (verb)
to steal by stopping a vehicle on the highway; to commandeer a flying airplane especially
by coercing the pilot at gunpoint
A fourth airplane traveling from Newark to San Francisco was hijacked and, after
turning east from its westerly course across Pennsylvania and Ohio, crashed in rural
Somerset County, Pennsylvania at 10:03 a.m.
Hind (noun)
forming the part that follows or is behind; rear
When bats sleep, they hang their head downwards from the long curved claws of their
hind limbs.
Hollow (adjective)
a space in an otherwise solid mass
The entire digestive system from the mouth to the anal sphincter is a single, long, hollow
muscular tube about 30 feet long.
Home run (noun)
a hit in baseball that enables the batter to make a complete circuit of the bases and score a
run
The controversial supplement used by baseball slugger Mark McGwire during his 1998
record-breaking home run streak has once again struck out. Researchers found that
androstenedione, known as "andro" for short, doesn't live up to its marketers' claims.
Homologous (adjective)
having the same relation, relative position; corresponding
Though artificial chimp signaling systems have some analogies to human language (e.g.,
use in communication, combinations of more basic signals), it seems unlikely that they
are homologous.
Hoodlum (noun)
gangster, thug, goon
In some inner cities, there are hoodlums who steal cars and sell drugs.
Hoof (noun)
relating to a curved covering of horn that protects the front of or encloses the ends of her
digits of an ungulate mammal and that corresponds to a nail or claw
Large hoofed animals such as sheep tend travel in groups called flocks.
Host (noun)
a very large number of things grouped together
At the old school, there are a host of old desks, chairs, and tables which could be
auctioned off at the outdoor market next week.
Hostile (adjective)
having or showing unfriendliness or an eagerness to fight
The Sioux fought against hostile tribes and white intruders.
Hotspot (noun)
a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle up
wells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic
feature; a place in the crust overlying a hot spot
Volcanoes located away from the edges of continental plates puzzled scientists for years,
until most concluded that hotspots of lava rising from deep in the Earth were the cause.
Household (noun)
things pertaining to the family living in a house
Group A and Group B had to remember sixteen household items in a given set of time.
The group, which was given the items in an organized fashion, remembered the items
faster and retained the list longer.
Hue (noun)
gradation of color; the attribute of colors that permits them to be classed as red, yellow,
green, blue, or an intermediate between any contiguous pair of these colors
On our image quality tests, the system's 17-inch FPD1730 LCD monitor displayed crisp
and legible fonts on a newsletter and vibrant hues on a test photo.
Humanitarian (noun)
characterized by kindness and concern for others
Georgia was established by a group of humanitarians who were determined to create
a settlement for debtors imprisoned in British jails.
Hunk (noun)
an irregularly shaped mass of indefinite size
Frederic Remington, having some success also as a sculptor, was known to take a hunk
of clay and in just a few months turn it into a work or of art.
Hunker (verb)
to settle in or dig in for a sustained period
Hunkered down in a windowless conference room, five scholars analyzed a high school
student's essay with a scrutiny normally reserved for the likes of Hemingway or Dickens.
Hurtle (verb)
to move rapidly or forcefully
The effect would have been as though a lousy cosmic golfer tore up a giant chunk of turf
and sent it hurtling into orbit.
Herculean (adjective)
Greek hero renowned for his great strength and especially for performing 12 labors
imposed on him by Hera; often not capitalized: of extraordinary power, extent, intensity,
or difficulty
But despite the herculean title, there's one thing he hasn't mastered. After hundreds of
media interviews, roles in three films, and a large fan base that Viesturs calls the
"Grateful Ed Tour," he still struggles to fully answer this question: Why climb?
Hurl (verb)
to send through the air with a motion of the hand or arm
During 18 days in May 1924, hundreds of steam explosions from Kilauea hurled mud,
debris, and hot rocks weighing as much as 8 tons (7,000 kg) as far as two thirds of a mile
(1 km) from the center of Halema'uma'u the current crater within the larger volcanic
depression (caldera) at Kilauea's summit.
Hustler (noun)
one who deceives another for financial gain
Many hustlers sought to attract visitors and investors to the burgeoning mining areas
of California during the 1800's.
Hybrid (adjective)
offspring of two plants or animals of different species or different varieties; a thing
composed of diverse elements
Hybrid cars, designed to run on gasoline and electric power, will be more the rule than
the exception as US auto manufacturers become more environmentally aware.
Hype (noun)
extravagant or intensive publicity promotion
Although several successful mining ventures were launched, much of the hype was
bogus, a fact which suggests that most miners did not make much money even though
they were told that they would.
Hypersensitive (adjective)
being extremely sensitive to something; having an acute reaction to external stimuli
Immunizing patients with bee venom can better prevent serious or even fatal reactions to
the more than one million Americans who are hypersensitive to bee stings.
Hypoxia (noun)
a deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body
When climbers reach the summit of Mount Everest, few feel as if they’re on top of the
world. The thin air at this extreme altitude offers only a third of the oxygen available at
sea level. Lack of oxygen, or hypoxia, starts a chain of reactions that can result in
altitude sickness.
Hypnosis (noun)
state like sleep in which one acts only on external suggestion
Most people have observed mild dissociative episodes in which they lose touch with their
surroundings. Examples include daydreaming, highway hypnosis, or losing oneself in a
movie or book.
Hypothesize (verb)
a proposition made as basis for reasoning, without the assumption of its truth
One attempt to solve the dark matter problem hypothesizes the existence of an
undiscovered particle already existed in the very early universe.
Icon (noun)
an object of extreme devotion
Raccoons are known for their intelligence and ability to get out of any jam. Their cunning
and survival skills make them one of the icons of the American wilderness. Humans well
know that it's nearly impossible to outsmart them and keep them out of garbage cans!
Ideal (noun)
a fervent hope, wish, or goal
Cervantes's work, a keen critique of the literature of his time, presented the clash between
reality and the ideals which Don Quixote sought to revive, and at the same time
originated the theme of the clairvoyance of insanity.
Ideology (noun)
visionary theorizing; the integrated assertions, theories and aims that constitute a
sociopolitical program
England was the world's most industrialized country in 1800, and from England the new
industrial machinery, style of work, and ideology spread to the United States.
Idiosyncrasy (noun)
a peculiar behavior
Known for having many idiosyncrasies, Mark Twain’s best work is his novel
Huckleberry Finn.
Ignoble (adjective)
having or proceeding from low moral standards
Former ignoble President Clinton engaged in an illicit sexual relationship with an intern
named Monica Lewinsky.
Illegible (adjective)
undecipherable; not understandable
The professor was unable to score the student’s essay because of her illegible
handwriting.
Ill-founded (adjective)
having no basis or foundation in fact
It is important to remember that it was after this battle that the Union soldiers realized
that hopes for an easy victory over the south were ill-founded.
Illumination (noun)
something that serves to explain or clarify
A moment of great illumination for a child is when he develops the ability to conceive of
things not present to the senses.
Illusion (noun)
an erroneous perception of reality
Starting with the Retablo de maese Pedro, Cervantes demonstrates a mastery of
theatrical illusion which, absent from part one, becomes another narrative function in
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