24
recommended by the relevant statistical systems (see
paras. 2.20 and 2.21 above).
(d) Special problems in statistical treatment of mode 4
2.94. Mode 4 services supplied through the presence of
natural persons pose particular
measurement problems that
cannot be fully resolved within the BPM5 and FATS
framework. In addition, no simple correspondence can be
readily established between
any existing statistical
framework and the part of GATS mode 4 services that is
not covered by the BPM5 concept of trade in services. The
trade-related movement of natural persons has given rise to
a need for information collected on a new conceptual basis.
Although not a new phenomenon, the concept of mode 4
delivery
of services in trade is new; it must first be defined,
and then a new statistical framework must be elaborated for
measuring it. In that respect, annex I begins the process of
constructing such a system: it reviews relevant existing
statistical frameworks in order
to identify useful aspects
that might provide relevant measures for mode 4 services in
the future.
2.95. GATS is clear that its use of the term “presence”
refers to a non-permanent presence. Although nowhere
is the term “non-permanent” defined, countries have
commonly defined it as referring to a period of between
two and five years. Commitments are also made with
regard to specific sectors
or occupations and are not
general. The statistical interpretation of
resident is an
individual who has a centre of economic interest in an
economy. This is usually defined as an individual who
stays, or intends to stay, for
one year or longer in an
economy.
2.96. The mode 4 service may be directly supplied - by
self-employed individuals abroad or by employees
abroad sent by non-resident firms to the host country -
or may be indirectly supplied
with the individual abroad
working for a service supplier resident in the host
country. Only services directly supplied by a non-
resident supplier to a resident customer would be
counted as international trade in services in the BPM5
framework.
2.97.
The issues
concerning definition and
measurement of mode 4 are addressed in more detail in
annex I, yet there remains a need for further research and
development of a framework for statistics that can be
used to measure the value of
services provided through
mode 4.
Dostları ilə paylaş: