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AYALA
et
AL
.
infant's capacity for self-regulation.
5
It also promotes the father-in-
fant interaction that can occur in skin-to-skin contact immediately
after a Caesarean section.
6,9
This specific caring model also seems
to provide beneficial cardio-respiratory adaptation after birth.
17,18
All three groups in this study achieved cardio-respiratory sta-
bility, as their temperature, heart rate and peripheral oxygen satu-
ration reached a more stable level by the end of the study period.
There was no significant difference in peripheral oxygen saturation
between the three groups.
The heart rates of healthy newborn infants can vary from 120 to
160 bpm, and the average heart rates were within this range in the
three groups in this study. A stable and slightly higher heart rate was ob-
served in the skin-to-skin group, which in line with the values reported
by Bancalari et al
19
That study showed the relationship between neo-
natal behavioural states and heart rate variations when newborn infant
was in an active state with higher heart rates.
20
Our skin-to-skin group
showed a higher degree of wakefulness than the other two groups.
Overall, the infants' ear temperatures were stable and within the
normal range in all groups. An infants' temperature is stable when they
peacefully go through the nine phases of behaviour during skin-to-
skin contact with their mother: crying, relaxation, awakening, activity,
crawling, rest, familiarisation, sucking and sleep. This leads to early
optimal self-regulation,
5
which occurred in our study when the infant
was cared for by their father. It has been suggested that mothers may
have the ability to modulate their infants' temperature during skin-
to-skin contact
21
and our study fathers provided the same benefit.
We found that the mean heart rate was significantly higher
(
P = .002) in the skin-to-skin t group than in the cot group. One rea-
son for this finding could have been the higher degree of wakeful-
ness stimulated by sensory cues during skin-to-skin contact.
22
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