Chapter 4: The New Letter Class scrlttr2
203
\setkomavar
{nexthead}[description ]{contents }
\setkomavar
{nextfoot}[description ]{contents }
At times one wants to have more freedom with creating the letterhead or footer of subsequent
pages. Then one has to give up the previously described possibilities of predefined letterheads
or footers that could have been chosen via the option
pagenumber
. Instead one is free to create
the letterhead and footer of consecutive pages just the way one wants to have them set with
page style headings or myheadings. For that, one creates the desired letterhead or footer
construction using the content of variable
v3.08
nexthead
or nextfoot, respectively. Within the
content
of nexthead and nextfoot you can, for example, have several boxes side by side or
one beneath the other by use of the \parbox command (see [
Tea05b
]). A more advanced user
should have no problems creating letterheads of footers of his own. Within content you can
and should of course also make use of other variables by using
\usekomavar
. KOMA-Script
does not use the description of both variables.
Only for compatibility reason the deprecated commands \nexthead and \nextfoot of for-
mer scrlttr2 releases before 3.08 are also implemented. Nevertheless, you should not use those.
4.14. Interleaf Pages
What is described in
section 3.13
applies, mutatis mutandis. So if you have alread read and
understood
section 3.13
you can switch to
section 4.15
,
page 205
.
Interleaf pages are pages that are intended to stay blank. Originally these pages were really
completely white. L
A
TEX, on the other hand, by default sets those pages with the current valid
page style. So those pages may have a head and a pagination. KOMA-Script provides several
extensions to this.
Interleaf pages may be found in books mostly. Because chapters in books commonly start
on odd pages, sometimes a left page without contents has to be added before. This is also the
reason that interleaf pages only exist in double-sided printing. The unused back sides of the
one-sided printings are not interleaf pages, really, although they may seem to be such pages.
At letters interleaf pages are unusual. This may be benefited by the case, that real two-sided
letters are seldom, because binding of letters is not done often. Nevertheless scrlttr2 supports
interleaf pages in the case of two-sided letters. Because the following described commands
are seldom used in letters no examples are shown. If you need examples, please note them at
section 3.13
from
page 81
upward.
Chapter 4: The New Letter Class scrlttr2
204
cleardoublepage=page style
cleardoublepage=current
With this option,
v3.00
you may define the page style of the interleaf pages created by the
\cleardoublepage
,
\cleardoubleoddpage
, or
\cleardoubleevenpage
to break until the
wanted page. Every already defined page style (see
section 4.13
from
page 199
and
chap-
ter 5
from
page 225
) may be used. Besides this, cleardoublepage=current is valid. This
case is the default until KOMA-Script 2.98c and results in interleaf page without changing the
page style. Since KOMA-Script 3.00
v3.00
the default follows the recommendation of most typogra-
phers and has been changed to blank interleaf pages with page style empty unless you switch
compatibility to an earlier version (see option
version
,
section 4.4
,
page 149
).
\clearpage
\cleardoublepage
\cleardoublepageusingstyle{page style }
\cleardoubleemptypage
\cleardoubleplainpage
\cleardoublestandardpage
\cleardoubleoddpage
\cleardoubleoddpageusingstyle{page style }
\cleardoubleoddemptypage
\cleardoubleoddplainpage
\cleardoubleoddstandardpage
\cleardoubleevenpage
\cleardoubleevenpageusingstyle{page style }
\cleardoubleevenemptypage
\cleardoubleevenplainpage
\cleardoubleevenstandardpage
The L
A
TEX kernel contains the \clearpage command, which takes care that all not yet output
floats are output, and then starts a new page. There exists the instruction \cleardoublepage
which works like \clearpage but which, in the double-sided layouts (see layout option twoside
in
section 2.4
,
page 38
) starts a new right-hand page. An empty left page in the current page
style is output if necessary.
With
v3.00
\cleardoubleoddstandardpage
, KOMA-Script works as described above. The
\cleardoubleoddplainpage
command changes the page style of the empty left page to plain
in order to suppress the page head. Analogously, the page style empty is applied to the empty
page with \cleardoubleoddemptypage, suppressing the page number as well as the page head.
The page is thus entirely empty. If another page style is wanted for the interleaf page is
may be set with the argument of \cleardoubleoddusingpagestyle. Every already defined
page style
(see
chapter 5
) may be used.
Chapter 4: The New Letter Class scrlttr2
205
However, the approach used by the KOMA-Script commands \cleardoublestandardpage,
\cleardoubleemptypage
, \cleardoubleplainpage, and \cleardoublepageusingstyle is
dependent on the option cleardoublepage described above and is similar to one of the corre-
sponding commands above. The same is valid for the standard command \cleardoublepage,
that may be either \cleardoubleoddpage or \cleardoubleevenpage.
In scrlttr2 the other commands are there only for completeness. More information about
them may be found at
section 3.13
,
page 83
if needed.
The commands \cleardoubleoddpage respective \cleardoubleevenpage leads to the next
odd respectively even page. The page style of an interleaf page will be set depending on option
cleardoublepage
.
4.15. Footnotes
All of what is described in
section 3.14
is generally applicable. So if you have alread read and
understood
section 3.14
you can switch to
section 4.16
,
page 208
.
The commands for setting footnotes may be found at each introduction into L
A
TEX, e. g., at
[
OPHS11
]. KOMA-Script provides additional features to change the footnote block format.
footnotes=setting
Footnotes
v3.00
will be marked with a tiny superscript number in text by default. If more than one
footnote falls at the same place, one may think that it is only one footnote with a very large
number instead of multiple footnotes (i. e., footnote 12 instead of footnotes 1 and 2). Using
footnotes=multiple
will separate multiple footnotes immediately next to each other by a
separator string. The predefined separator at
\multfootsep
is a single comma without space.
The whole mechanism is compatible with package footmisc, Version 5.3d (see [
Fai11
]). It is
related not only to footnotes placed using
\footnote
, but
\footnotemark
too.
Command
\KOMAoptions
or
\KOMAoption
may be used to switch back to the default
footnotes=nomultiple
at any time. If any problems using another package that influences
footnotes occur, it is recommended not to use the option anywhere and not to change the
setting
anywhere inside the document.
A summary of the available setting values of footnotes may be found at
table 3.11
,
page 85
.
Chapter 4: The New Letter Class scrlttr2
206
\footnote[number ]{text }
\footnotemark[number ]
\footnotetext[number ]{text }
\multiplefootnoteseparator
\multfootsep
Similar to the standard classes, footnotes in KOMA-Script are produced with the
\footnote
command, or alternatively the paired usage of the commands \footnotemark
and \footnotetext. As in the standard classes, it is possible that a page break occurs within
a footnote. Normally this happens if the footnote mark is placed so near the bottom of a page
as to leave L
A
TEX no choice but to break the footnote onto the next page. KOMA-Script
v3.00
,
unlike the standard classes, can recognize and separate consecutive footnotes automatically.
See the previously documented option
footnotes
for this.
If you want to set the separator manually, you may use \multiplefootnoteseparator.
Note that this command should not be redefined, because it has been defined not only to be
the separator string but also the type style, i. e., font size and superscript. The separator
string without type style may be found at \multfootsep. The predefined default is
\newcommand*{\multfootsep}{,}
and may be changed by redefining the command.
Examples and additional information may be found at
section 3.14
from
page 86
onward.
\footref{ reference }
Sometimes
v3.00
there are single footnotes to multiple text passages. The least sensible way to
typeset this would be to repeatedly use
\footnotemark
with the same manually set number.
The disadvantages of this method would be that you have to know the number and manually fix
all the
\footnotemark
commands, and if the number changes because of adding or removing
a footnote before, each
\footnotemark
would have to be changed. Because of this, KOMA-
Script provides the use of the \label mechanism in such cases. After simply setting a \label
inside the footnote, \footref may be used to mark all the other text passages with the same
footnote mark. Because of setting the additional footnote marks using the \label mechanism,
changes of the footnote numbers will need at least two L
A
TEX runs to ensure correct numbers
for all \footref marks. An example for the usage \footref can be found in
section 3.14
on
page 86
.
Chapter 4: The New Letter Class scrlttr2
207
\deffootnote[mark width ]{indent }{parindent }{definition }
\deffootnotemark{definition }
\thefootnotemark
Footnotes are formatted slightly differently in KOMA-Script to in the standard classes. As
in the standard classes the footnote mark in the text is depicted using a small superscripted
number. The same formatting is used in the footnote itself. The mark in the footnote is
type-set right-aligned in a box with width mark width . The first line of the footnote follows
directly.
All following lines will be indented by the length of indent . If the optional parameter
mark width
is not specified, it defaults to indent . If the footnote consists of more than one
paragraph, then the first line of a paragraph is indented, in addition to indent , by the value
of parindent .
Figure 3.1
illustrates the layout parameters. The default configuration of the KOMA-Script
classes is:
\deffootnote[1em]{1.5em}{1em}
{\textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}}
\textsuperscript
controls both the superscript and the smaller font size. Command
\thefootnotemark
is the current footnote mark without any formatting.
Thefont element footnote determines the font of the footnote including the footnote mark.
Using the element footnotelabel the font of the footnote mark can be changed separately
with the commands
\setkomafont
and
\addtokomafont
(see
section 4.9
,
page 164
). Please
refer also to
table 4.2
,
page 165
. Default setting is no change in the font.
The footnote mark in the text is defined separately from the mark in front of the actual
footnote. This is done with \deffootnotemark. Default setting is:
\deffootnotemark{%
\textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}}
In the above the font for the element footnotereference is applied (see
table 4.2
,
page 165
).
Thus the footnote marks in the text and in the footnote itself are identical. The font can be
changed with the commands
\setkomafont
and
\addtokomafont
(see
section 4.9
,
page 164
).
Examples may be found at
section 3.14
, from
page 87
onwards.
\setfootnoterule[ thickness ]{ length }
Generally
v3.06
a horizontal rule will be placed between the text area and the footnote area.
But normally this rule is not as long as the width of the typing area. With Command
\setfootnoterule
you may change the thickness and the width of that rule. Thereby the
parameters thickness and length will be evaluated not at definition time but when setting
the rule itself. If optional argument thickness ha been omitted the thickness of the rule will
not be changed. Empty arguments thickness or length are also allowed and do not change
Chapter 4: The New Letter Class scrlttr2
208
the corresponding parameter. Using implausible values may result in warning messages not
only setting the arguments but also when KOMA-Script uses the parameters.
With element footnoterule the color
v3.07
of the rule may be changed using the commands
\setkomafont
and
\addtokomafont
for element footnoterule (see
section 4.9
,
page 164
).
Default is no change of font or color. For color changes a color package like xcolor would be
needed.
4.16. Lists
All of what is described in
section 3.18
is generally applicable. So if you have alread read and
understood
section 3.18
you can switch to
section 4.17
,
page 211
.
Both L
A
TEX and the standard classes offer different environments for lists. Though slightly
changed or extended all these list are of course offered in KOMA-Script as well. In general,
all lists — even of different kind — can be nested up to four levels. From a typographical
view, anything more would make no sense, as more than three levels can no longer be easily
perceived. The recommended procedure in such a case is to split the large list into several
smaller ones.
Because lists are standard elements of L
A
TEX this section abandons on examples. Neverthe-
less, you may find examples either in
section 3.18
from
page 111
or in almost every introduction
to L
A
TEX.
\begin{itemize}
\item
. . .
...
\end{itemize}
\labelitemi
\labelitemii
\labelitemiii
\labelitemiv
The simplest form of a list is an itemize list. Depending on the level, KOMA-Script uses the
following marks: “•”, “–”, “∗” and “·”. The definition of these symbols is specified in the
macros \labelitemi, \labelitemii, \labelitemiii and \labelitemiv, all of which can be
redefined using \renewcommand. Every item is introduced with \item.
Chapter 4: The New Letter Class scrlttr2
209
\begin{enumerate}
\item
. . .
...
\end{enumerate}
\theenumi
\theenumii
\theenumiii
\theenumiv
\labelenumi
\labelenumii
\labelenumiii
\labelenumiv
Another form of a list often used is a numbered list which is already implemented by the
L
A
TEX kernel. Depending on the level, the numbering uses the following characters: Arabic
numbers, small letters, small roman numerals, and capital letters. The kind of numbering is
defined with the macros \theenumi down to \theenumiv. The output format is determined
by the macros \labelenumi to \labelenumiv. While the small letter of the second level is
followed by a round parenthesis, the values of all other levels are followed by a dot. Every
item is introduced with \item.
\begin{description}
\item[keyword ]
. . .
...
\end{description}
A further list form is the description list. Its main use is the description of several items. The
item itself is an optional parameter in \item. The font
v2.8p
which is responsible for emphasizing the
item can be changed with the commands
\setkomafont
and
\addtokomafont
(see
section 4.9
,
page 164
) for the element descriptionlabel (see
table 4.2
,
page 165
). Default setting is
\sffamily\bfseries
.
\begin{labeling}[delimiter ]{widest pattern }
\item[ keyword ]
. . .
...
\end{labeling}
An additional form of a description list is only available in the KOMA-Script classes: the
labeling
environment. Unlike the
description
environment, you can provide a pat-
tern whose length determines the indentation of all items. Furthermore, you can put
an optional delimiter between the item and its description. The font
v3.02
which is respon-
sible for emphasizing the item and the separator can be changed with the commands
\setkomafont
and
\addtokomafont
(see
section 4.9
,
page 164
) for the element labelinglabel
and labelingseparator (see
table 4.2
,
page 165
).
Chapter 4: The New Letter Class scrlttr2
210
Originally, this environment was implemented for things like “Precondition, Assertion,
Proof”, or “Given, Required, Solution” that are often used in lecture hand-outs. By now
this environment has found many different applications. For example, the environment for
examples in this guide was defined with the labeling environment.
\begin{verse}
. . . \end{verse}
Usually the verse environment is not perceived as a list environment because you do not
work with \item commands. Instead, fixed line breaks are used within the flushleft envi-
ronment. Yet internally in both the standard classes as well as KOMA-Script it is indeed a
list environment.
In general, the verse environment is used for poems. Lines are indented both left and right.
Individual lines of verse are ended by a fixed line break \\. Verses are set as paragraphs,
separated by an empty line. Often also \medskip or \bigskip is used instead. To avoid a
page break at the end of a line of verse you could, as usual, insert \\* instead of \\.
\begin{quote}
. . . \end{quote}
\begin{quotation}
. . . \end{quotation}
These two environments are also list environments and can be found both in the standard
and the KOMA-Script classes. Both environments use justified text which is indented both
on the left and right side. Usually they are used to separate long citations from the main
text. The difference between these two lies in the manner in which paragraphs are typeset.
While quote paragraphs are highlighted by vertical space, in quotation paragraphs the first
line is indented. This is also true for the first line of a quotation environment. To prevent
indentation you have to insert a \noindent command before the text.
\begin{addmargin}[left indentation ]{indentation }
. . . \end{addmargin}
\begin{addmargin*}[inner indentation ]{indentation }
. . . \end{addmargin*}
Similar to
quote
and
quotation
the addmargin environment changes the margin. In contrast
to the first two environments, with addmargin the user can set the width of the indentation.
Besides this, this environment does not change the indentation of the first line nor the vertical
spacing between paragraphs.
If only the obligatory argument indentation is given, both the left and right margin are
expanded by this value. If the optional argument left indentation is given as well, then at
the left margin the value left indentation is used instead of indentation .
The starred addmargin* only differs from the normal version in a two-sided layout. Fur-
thermore, the difference only occurs if the optional argument inner indentation is used.
In this case this value inner indentation is added to the normal inner indentation. For
right-hand pages this is the left margin, for left-hand pages the right margin. Then the value
of indentation determines the width of the opposite margin.
Chapter 4: The New Letter Class scrlttr2
211
Both versions of this environment take also negative values for all parameters. This has the
effect of expanding the environment into the margin.
Whether a page is going to be on the left or right side of the book can not be determined
for certain in the first L
A
TEX run. For details please refer to the explanation of the commands
\ifthispageodd
(
section 4.12
,
page 198
) and \ifthispagewasodd (
section 21.1
,
page 441
).
There may be several questions about coexistence of lists and paragraphs. Because of this
additional information may be found at the description of option parskip in
section 21.1
,
page 441
.
Also at the expert part, in
section 21.1
,
page 441
, you may find additional information about page
breaks inside of addmargin*.
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