IELTS
JOURNAL
77
Reading: Summary completion (Type A)
Tip:
Don't always expect words or phrases in the box to be the same as in the
text. They may be words with similar meaning or the
same word in a different
form, so read both the text and the summary carefully.
Example:
Here is part of a text about innovation in business.
Success, for many companies, depends on their ability to innovate and to create
new products and services. Ask anyone which business sectors are the most
creative, and the music industry will
come fairly high up the list, but creativity is
also the lifeblood of other, less obvious fields:
the pharmaceutical industry, for
instance, relies almost entirely on ideas and inventions that can be developed
into new drugs. Just like land,
buildings or machinery, ideas can be a valuable
asset to a business, but while
the former are tangible assets, with a physical
existence, ideas are intangible, with no physical manifestation.
Once an idea has
been developed, whether into a new medical treatment or a new brand of
clothing, it
becomes intellectual property, and can be legally owned. It is then
protected against competitors benefiting by imitating the new product without
having had to fund its development.
Question:
Complete the summary using the words in the box below.
Innovation is …
1…
for businesses in many sectors, from the most obviously …
2…,
such as the music industry, to ones that are less self-evidently so, like the
pharmaceutical industry. Like …
3… assets, new
ideas may be very valuable, and
so, like those, they need to be treated as …
4… to the business. They therefore
require legal …
5… to prevent competitors from benefiting from the company's
…
6… .
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