“PEDAGOGS”
international research journal ISSN:
2181-4027
_SJIF:
4.995
www.pedagoglar.uz
Volume-26, Issue-3, January - 2023
32
TILLARNING GENEALOGIK YOKI GENETIK TASNIFI
Rabbimov Oybek
Samarqand davlat chet tillar instituti o'qituvchisi
Annotatsiya:
Tillar diaxronik qarindoshlik boʻyicha til oilalariga guruhlangan.
Boshqacha qilib aytadigan bo'lsak, tillar tarix davomida qanday rivojlangan va
rivojlanganligiga qarab guruhlangan, umumiy ajdoddan kelib chiqqan tillar bir til
oilasiga birlashtirilgan.
Genetik tasnif tillarning o'xshashligini ularning umumiy ajdodi asosida
belgilaydi. Tipologik tasnif esa, tillarning yaqinligidan (rodstva) qat'i nazar, umumiy
belgilar bo'yicha o'xshashligini belgilaydi. Genetik tasnif. Umumiy ajdodlar tomonidan
tillar oilalarga, guruhlarga, kichik guruhlarga va boshqa kichik bo'linmalarga bo'lingan.
Misol tariqasida, O‘zbek tili – turkiy guruh – uyg‘ur kichik guruhi – oltoy oilasi. Rus
tili - slavyan guruhi - Sharqiy-slavyan kichik guruhi - Hind-Yevropa oilasi - Evropa
filiali. Ingliz tili - german guruhi - g'arbiy-german kichik guruhi - hind-evropa oilasi.
Bir-biri bilan genetik aloqaga ega bo'lgan tillar tillar oilasi deb ataladigan bir xil
lingvistik guruhga kiradi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
Lingvistik tipologiya, tilshunoslik sohasi, genetik tasnif, til oilalari,
guruhlanish, umumiy xususiyatlari.
Abstract
: Languages are grouped by diachronic relatedness into language
families. In other words, languages are grouped based on how they were developed and
evolved throughout history, with languages which descended from a common ancestor
being grouped into the same language family.
Genetic classification
sets the similarity of languages on the ground of their
common ancestor.
Typological classification
sets the similarity of languages
regardless from their affinity (relatedness), by common signs.
Genetic classification
.
By common ancestors languages divided into families, groups, subgroups and
more little divisions. For example, Uzbek language – Turkic group – Uyghur subgroup
– Altaic family. Russian language – Slavonic group – Eastern-Slavonic subgroup –
Indo-European family – European branch. English language – Germanic group –
Western-Germanic subgroup – Indo-European family. Languages that possess genetic
ties with one another belong to the same linguistic grouping, known as a language
family.
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