Love Machine
. In many organizations, givers go unrecognized. To combat this problem,
organizations are introducing peer recognition programs to reward people for giving in ways that
leaders and managers rarely see. A
Mercer study
found that in 2001, about 25 percent of large
companies had peer recognition programs, and by 2006, this number had grown to 35 percent—
including celebrated companies like Google, Southwest Airlines, and Zappos.
A fascinating approach called the Love Machine was developed at Linden Lab, the company
behind the virtual world Second Life. In a high-technology company, many employees aim to protect
their time for themselves and guard information closely, instead of sharing their time and knowledge
with colleagues. The Love Machine was designed to overcome this tendency by enabling employees
to send a Love message when they appreciated help from a colleague. The Love messages were
visible to others, rewarding and recognizing giving by linking it to status and reputations. One insider
viewed it as a way to get “tech geeks to compete to see who could be the most helpful.” Love helped
to “boost awareness of people who did tasks that were sometimes overlooked. Our support staff, for
instance, often received the most Love,” says Chris Colosi, a former Linden manager. “Once you
introduce a certain percentage of takers into your system, you need to think about what effect an
incentive will have, but I enjoyed the idea of Love for tasks that were outside of someone’s job
description or requirements.”
To try out the Love Machine in your organization, look up a new electronic tool called SendLove.
It’s available from LoveMachine (www.lovemachineinc.com), a new start-up that asks you to start by
choosing a recognition period. Team members can send each other short messages recognizing giving,
and the messages are all publicly visible.
5. Embrace the Five-Minute Favor. If you visit a 106 Miles Meetup
(www.meetup.com/106miles), you might see Panda Adam Rifkin in top form. He’s a master of the
five-minute favor, and you can follow Panda’s lead by asking people what they need and looking for
ways to help at a minimal personal cost. Rifkin’s two favorite offers are to give honest feedback and
make an introduction. For example, here’s a simple exercise to get started as a connector. Start by
going through your Rolodex, LinkedIn, or Facebook network. Identify pairs of people who share an
uncommon commonality. Then, pick one pair a week and introduce them by e-mail. Rifkin also
recommends reconnecting with dormant ties—not to get something, but to give. Once a month, reach
out to one person with whom you haven’t spoken in years. Find out what they’re working on and ask
if there are ways that you can be helpful. On a related note, you can learn more about David Hornik’s
approach to giving by visiting Venture Blog (www.ventureblog.com/).
6. Practice Powerless Communication, but Become an Advocate. Developing greater comfort
and skill with powerless communication requires a change in habits—from talking to listening, self-
promoting to advice-seeking, and advocating to inquiring. Jim Quigley, a senior partner at Deloitte
who previously served as CEO, decided to work on his powerless communication. He set a goal in
meetings to talk no more than 20 percent of the time. “
One of my objectives is listening
. Many times,
you can have bigger impact if you know what to ask, rather than knowing what to say. I don’t learn
anything when I’m speaking. I learn a lot when I’m listening,” Quigley told me. As he shifted from
answers toward questions, Quigley found himself gaining a deeper understanding of other people’s
needs. “It doesn’t come naturally to everyone, but it’s a habit, and you can form that habit.” For more
on the power of powerless communication, visit the blogs by Susan Cain
(www.thepowerofintroverts.com) and Jennifer Kahnweiler (www.theintrovertedleaderblog.com).
At the same time, it’s important to make sure that powerless communication doesn’t come at the
expense of assertiveness when advocating for others’ interests and our own.
GetRaised
is a free
resource that offers advice on negotiating salary increases. According to cofounder Matt Wallaert, the
average pay increase is $6,726, provided that you’re underpaid. About half of male users succeed in
getting a raise—compared with three quarters of female users (https://getraised.com).
7. Join a Community of Givers. To find other givers, join a Freecycle community to give away
goods and see what other people need (www.freecycle.org). Another inspiring community of givers
is
ServiceSpace
(www.servicespace.org), the home of a series of Giftivism initiatives started by
Nipun Mehta. Headquartered in Berkeley, California, ServiceSpace has over 400,000 members and
sends over fifty million e-mails a year. Yet they still operate by three rules: “no staff, no fundraising,
and no strings attached.” Through ServiceSpace, Nipun has created a platform for people to increase
their giver quotients, divided into three categories: gift economy projects, inspirational content, and
volunteer and nonprofit support. One of the gift economy projects is Karma Kitchen, where the menu
has no prices. When the bill arrives, it reads $0.00 and contains just two sentences: “Your meal was a
gift from someone who came before you. To keep the chain of gifts alive, we invite you to pay it
forward for those who dine after you.” Another gift economy project is HelpOthers.org, which
collects stories of people playing giver tag: do something anonymously for someone else, and leave a
smile card inviting them to pay it forward.
Nipun describes how one woman at a Fortune 500 company went to get a drink from the vending
machine, and put extra change in with a note: “Your drink has been paid for by someone you don’t
know. Spread the love.” Then, she brought in doughnuts and left another smile card behind. “A guy
noticed this trend, and he decides to send an e-mail to the whole building,” Nipun says, laughing.
“The guy writes, ‘I’ve been trying to track them down for a long time, and I think it’s between floors
two and three.’ Now everybody’s on alert for kindness, and a bunch of people start doing it.” On the
ServiceSpace website, you can order smile cards, help support nonprofit causes, subscribe to the
weekly newsletter, or read a thought-provoking list of ways to give, such as paying the toll for the
person behind you or thanking people for helping you by writing a complimentary note to their boss.
“The more you give, the more you want to do it—as do others around you. It’s like going to the gym,”
Nipun says. “If you’ve been working out your kindness muscles, you get stronger at it.”
Another impressive initiative is HopeMob, billed as the place “where generous strangers unite to
bring immediate hope to people with pressing needs all over the world” (http://hopemob.org). For
ideas about how to organize your own group of people to perform random acts of kindness, see the
initiatives under way at Extreme Kindness in Canada (http://extremekindness.com) and The Kindness
Offensive in the UK (http://thekindnessoffensive.com). The Kindness Offensive is a group of people
who strive to be
aggressively helpful
, organizing some of the grandest random acts of kindness in
human history. They’ve provided a toy for every child in a hospital in London, given away half a
million pancakes, distributed tons of giveaways at festivals around Britain, provided free medical
supplies and housing support to families in need and hosted tea parties for elderly people, obtained
an electric guitar for a ten-year-old boy, and landed free front-row seats and behind-the-scenes
training at the Moscow Circus for a father hoping to surprise his daughter. It may be no coincidence
that the founder’s name is David Goodfellow.
You might also be intrigued by BNI (www.bni.com), Ivan Misner’s business networking
organization with the motto of “Givers gain,” as well as the Go-Giver Community
(www.thegogiver.com/community)—a group of people who read The Go-Giver fable by Bob Burg
and John David Mann, and decided that giving would be a powerful way to live their professional
lives.
8. Launch a Personal Generosity Experiment. If you’d rather give on your own, try the GOOD
thirty-day challenge (www.good.is/post/the-good-30-day-challenge-become-a-good-citizen). Each
day for a month, GOOD suggests a different way to give. For more examples of random acts of
kindness, check out Sasha Dichter’s thirty-day generosity experiment
(http://sashadichter.wordpress.com) and Ryan Garcia’s year of daily random acts of kindness
(www.366randomacts.org). Dichter, the chief innovation officer at the Acumen Fund, embarked on a
monthlong generosity experiment in which he said yes to every request for help that he received.
Garcia, a sales executive at ZocDoc, is performing one random act of kindness every day for an entire
year and keeping a blog about his experience, from stepping up as a mentor to thanking a customer
service representative. As we saw in chapter 6, this generosity experiment is likely to be most
psychologically rewarding if you spend somewhere between two and eleven hours a week on it, and
if you distribute it into larger chunks—multiple acts once a week, instead of one act every day.
9. Help Fund a Project. Many people are seeking financial support for their projects. On
Kickstarter (www.kickstarter.com), known as the world’s largest funding platform for creative
projects, you can find people looking for help in designing and launching movies, books, video
games, music, plays, paintings, and other products and services. On Kiva (www.kiva.org), you can
identify opportunities to make microloans of $25 or more to entrepreneurs in the developing world.
Both sites give you the chance to see and follow the progress of the people you help.
10. Seek Help More Often. If you want other people to be givers, one of the easiest steps is to
ask. When you ask for help, you’re not always imposing a burden. Some people are givers, and by
asking for help, you’re creating an opportunity for them to express their values and feel valued. By
asking for a five-minute favor, you impose a relatively small burden—and if you ask a matcher, you
can count on having an opportunity to reciprocate. Wayne and Cheryl Baker note that people can
“
Start the spark
of reciprocity by making requests as well as helping others. Help generously and
without thought of return; but also ask often for what you need.”
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The seeds for this book were planted by my grandparents, Florence and Paul Borock, who tirelessly
invested their time and energy in others without expecting anything in return. Growing up, my
curiosity about psychology and fascination with the quality of work life were sparked by my parents,
Susan and Mark. My diving coach, Eric Best, showed me that psychology was a major force behind
success, introduced me to the power of giving in developing others, and encouraged me to pursue a
career that combined psychology and writing. I found that career thanks to Brian Little, whose
wisdom and generosity changed the course of my life. Brian embodies the very best of the human
condition, and it is due to his depth of knowledge, commitment to students, and ability to captivate an
audience that I became a professor. As I began to study organizational psychology, I benefited
tremendously from the mentoring of Jane Dutton, Sue Ashford, Richard Hackman, Ellen Langer, and
Rick Price. In particular, Jane has challenged me to think more deeply and encouraged me to reach
more broadly in striving to do research that makes a difference.
They say it takes an army to write a book, and mine was no exception: I felt very lucky to work
with an army of givers whose fingerprints grace each page. Leading the charge was Richard Pine at
InkWell, who exemplifies every quality that an author could possibly want in an agent. Richard has a
true gift for seeing the potential in ideas and people, and is uniquely skilled and passionate in
connecting them in powerful ways that use the written word to make the world a better place. From
helping me find my voice in writing for a popular audience and championing the topic, to offering
keen insights about the substance and identifying successful givers in our midst, Richard has had an
indelible impact on this book and my life.
The other major creative force behind this book was editor extraordinaire Kevin Doughten.
Among his many contributions, it is noteworthy that it was Kevin who put George Meyer on my radar
and recognized that a unique feature of giver success lies in lifting others up. Kevin knows from
personal experience, as this is the influence of his success on his authors. His perceptive,
comprehensive feedback sharpened the structure, strengthened the arguments, and enriched the stories
and studies—and motivated me to rewrite three chapters from scratch. Along with shaping every
sentence in the book, Kevin’s guidance has fundamentally altered the way that I approach writing
more generally.
At Viking, Rick Kot has gone far above and beyond the call of duty in offering his ingenuity,
discerning eye, social capital, and stewardship. I feel fortunate to benefit from his support and the
editorial, publicity, and marketing contributions of Catherine Boyd, Nick Bromley, Peter Chatzky,
Risa Chubinsky, Carolyn Coleburn, Winnie De Moya, Andrew Duncan, Clare Ferraro, Alexis Hurley,
Whitney Peeling, Lindsay Prevette, Britney Ross, Jeff Schell, Nancy Sheppard, Michael Sigle, Dennis
Swaim, and Jeannette Williams, and the givers at Napa Group, LLC.
When I first contemplated the possibility of writing this book, many colleagues provided sage
advice. I am especially grateful to Jennifer Aaker, Teresa Amabile, Dan Ariely, Susan Cain, Noah
Goldstein, Barry Schwartz, Marty Seligman, Richard Shell, Bob Sutton, and Dan Pink—who not only
shared invaluable insights, but also came up with the title. The idea for the book itself was inspired
by a discussion with Jeff Zaslow and brought to life through dialogue with Justin Berg, whose vision
and expertise immensely improved the form and function.
For discerning feedback on drafts, I thank Andy Bernstein, Ann Dang, Katherine Dean, Gabe
Farkas, Alex Fishman, Alyssa Gelkopf, Kelsey Hilbrich, Katie Imielska, Mansi Jain, Valentino Kim,
Phil Levine, Patrice Lin, Nick LoBuglio, Michelle Lu, Sara Luchian, Lindsay Miller, Starry Peng,
Andrew Roberts, Danielle Rode, Suruchi Srikanth, Joe Tennant, Ryan Villanueva, Guy Viner, Becky
Wald, Teresa Wang, Catherine Wei, and Tommy Yin. For leads on stories and connections to
interviewees, I sincerely appreciate the help of Cameron Anderson, Dane Barnes, Renee Bell, Tal
Ben-Shahar, Jesse Beyroutey, Grace Chen, Chris Colosi, Angela Duckworth, Bill Fisse, Juliet Geldi,
Tom Gerrity, Leah Haimson, Dave Heckman, Dara Kritzer, Adam Lashinsky, Laurence Lemaire, Matt
Maroone, Cade Massey, Dave Mazza, Chris Myers, Meredith Myers, Jean Oelwang, Bob Post, Jon
Rifkind, Gavin Riggall, Claire Robertson-Kraft, Scott Rosner, Bobbi Silten, Matt Stevens, Brandon
Stuut, Jeff Thompson, Mike Useem, Jerry Wind, Amy Wrzesniewski, George Zeng, and the
extraordinary anonymous givers at Riley Productions (www.rileyprods.com).
For sharing their wisdom, knowledge, and experiences in interviews, along with the people
quoted in the book, I thank Antoine Andrews, Peter Avis, Bernie Banks, Colleen Barrett, Margaux
Bergen, Bob Brooks, Rano Burkhanova, Jim Canales, Virginia Canino, Bob Capers, Brian Chu, Bob
Coghlan, Matt Conti, Mario DiTrapani, Atul Dubey, Nicole DuPre, Marc Elliott, Scilla Elworthy,
Mark Fallon, Mike Feinberg, Christy Flanagan, Mike Fossaceca, Anna Gauthier, Jeremy Gilley,
Kathy Gubanich, Michelle Gyles-McDonnough, Kristen Holden, Beak Howell, Tom Jeary, Diane and
Paul Jones, Rick Jones, Melanie Katzman, Colin Kelton, Richard Lack, Larry Lavery, Eric Lipton,
Theresa Loth, Nic Lumpp, Dan Lyons, Sergio Magistri, Susan Mathews, Tim McConnell, David
McMullen, Debby McWhinney, Rick Miller, Roy Neff, Randi Nielsen, Scott O’Neil, Jenna Osborne,
Charles Pensig, Bob Post, Larry Powell, Kate Richey, Manfred Rietsch, Jon Rifkind, Larry Roberts,
Clare Sanderson, Rebecca Schreuder, Bill Sherman, Scott Sherman, John Simon, Ron Skotarczak,
Marijn Spillebeen, David Stewart, Craig Stock, Suzanne Sutter, Pat Sweeney, Vivek Tiwary, Vickie
Tolliver, Ashley Valentine, Tony Wells, Matthew Wilkins, Yair Yoram, Jochen Zeitz, and Fatima
Zorzato.
Rachel Carpenter and Erica Connelly provided a wealth of innovative ideas for spreading the
word about this book, and organized a productive ideation session in which Alison Bloom-Feshbach,
Zoe Epstein, Sean Griffin, Adria Hou, Katherine Howell, Ian Martinez, Scott McNulty, Annie Meyer,
and Becky Wald were kind enough to participate and contribute. For spending a week keeping giver
journals, I appreciate the help of Josh Berman, Charles Birnbaum, Adam Compain, Keenan Cottone,
Ben Francois, Jean Lee, Josh Lipman, Charlie Mercer, Phil Neff, Mary Pettit, Matt Pohlson, Kiley
Robbins, Chris Sergeant, Kara Shamy, Charlene Su, and Nina Varghese.
Many other friends, colleagues, students, and family members helped to brainstorm about the
framing and content of the book, including Sam Abzug, David Adelman, Bob Adler, Sebastian
Aguilar, Tanner Almond, Michael Althoff, Dan Baker, Rangel Barbosa, Dominique Basile, Deepa
Bhat, Bill Boroughf, Andrew Brodsky, Anita Butani, Lewis Chung, Constantinos Coutifaris, Cody
Dashiell-Earp, Kathryn Dekas, Alex Edmans, Mehdi El Hajoui, Mark Elliott, Jerrod Engelberg,
Dafna Eylon, Jackie Fleishman, Michelle Gaster, Christina Gilyutin, Guiherme Giserman, Ross
Glasser, Matt Goracy, Brett Lavery Gregorka, Dan Gruber, Sheynna Hakim, Howard Heevner, Greg
Hennessy, Dave Hofmann, Victoria Holekamp, Rick Horgan, John Hsu, David Jaffe, Amanda
Jefferson, Nechemya Kagedan, Melissa Kamin, Jonathan Karmel, Ely Key, Jeff Kiderman, Anu Kohli,
Ben Krutzinna, Amin Lakhani, Chester Lee, Amanda Liberatore, Nicole Lim, Lindsey Mathews
Padrino, Amy Matsuno, Lauren Miller, Zach Miller, Josephine Mogelof, Lauren Moloney-Egnatios,
David Moltz, Brian Nemiroff, Celeste Ng, Dan Oppedisano, Matt Pohlson, Georges Potworowski,
Derrick Preston, Vyas Ramanan, David Rider, David Roberts, Jeremy Rosner, Juan Pablo
Saldarriaga, Frances Schendle, Christine Schmidt, Margot Lee Schmorak, Ari Shwayder, Kurt Smith,
Scott Sonenshein, Mike Taormina, Palmer Truelson, Jonathan Tugman, Eric Tulla, Mike Van Pelt,
Jamie Wallis, Michael Wolf, Rani Yadav, Lauren Yaffe, Andrew Yahkind, and Ashley Yuki.
For their encouragement over the years, I thank Traci; Florie; my grandparents Marion and Jay
Grant; my in-laws, Adrienne and Neal Sweet; and the Impact Lab. Most of all, I could not have
written this book without the support of my wife, Allison. She has devoted countless hours to
brainstorming, reading, discussing, and searching, and words cannot describe how much her love
means to me. Every time I sat down to write, I drew on the example she sets. When it comes to giving
in the family domain, she is the ultimate role model. Our daughters, Joanna and Elena, are the greatest
sources of joy and meaning in my life. I am incredibly proud of them, and I hope this book will offer
their generation a new perspective on what it means to succeed.
REFERENCES
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