The T1D Exchange Clinic Registry is a large scale study of children and adults with type 1 diabetes in the United States. Twenty-five thousand people have been enrolled and results have been published since 2013. Campbell et al (2014) compared 6–17 year olds with type 1 diabetes of >2 years duration with good control (HbA1c <53 mmol/mol, N=588) with those with poor control (HbA1c >75, N=2684). After controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors, results showed the two groups differed significantly in diabetes management. More of the good control group used insulin pumps, monitored blood glucose five or more times daily, missed fewer boluses, bolused before meals rather than at or after mealtimes, used meal-specific insulin carbohydrate ratios, checked levels prior to administering mealtime insulin, used insulin with daytime snacks, used more bolus insulin and used a lower mean total daily insulin dose than those in the poor control group.
