Brink and Chiarelli (2004) adopt a time line approach and summarise the needs of young people and adolescents and the time at which they should be addressed as follows:
At diagnosis
Survival education:
How to administer insulin, how and what to monitor, who and when to call, beginning meal planning (NB. the advisory group felt that hypoglycaemic management should also be included at this stage).
Within 1–2 months following diagnosis
In-depth assessment and review:
Insulin kinetics and administration, monitoring and use of SMBG data, meal planning, activity changes, sick day guidelines and DKA prevention/treatment, hypoglycaemia identification, recognition, prevention and treatment.
Short term and long term treatment goals.
Identification of barriers to improvement including school, learning and psychosocial and family issues.
Establishment of follow-up guidelines and goals and responsibilities.
Yearly
In-depth assessment and re-education:
All of the above plus additional needs including age-appropriate peer pressure, alcohol, sexual education, smoking prevention, eating disorders including bulimia, anorexia and obesity, diabetes-associated complications’ assessment and ongoing barriers to control.
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