Other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes include Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome. Wolfram’s syndrome is characterised by insulin deficiency and the absence of beta cells at autopsy.
A full list of etiologic classification of diabetes mellitus by the American Diabetes Association (ADA 2010) can be found here: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/33/Supplement_1/S62.full.pdf+html.
Forms of drug induced diabetes are described by Comi (2004) as follows:
Corticosteroids may cause hyperglycaemia, which may return to normal after the steroid treatment is stopped. However, particularly if corticosteroids are taken over longer periods of time, steroid treatment can sometimes lead to the development of type 2 diabetes permanently. Whilst on steroid medication, insulin may be required; however, once steroids are discontinued, anti-diabetic medication may be reduced or stopped.
Thiazide diuretics may increase blood glucose levels. These may, but not always, return to normal if treatment with thiazide diuretics is stopped. They act to reduce insulin secretion and increase insulin sensitivity.
Antipsychoticsmay cause weight gain and hyperglycaemia. Blood glucose levels may return to normal if medication is stopped. However, if significant weight has been gained over the course of the treatment, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes may be permanent. The weight gain leading to increased insulin resistance is the most likely mechanism for inducing diabetes; however, inhibition of insulin secretion is likely to be occurring in some people.
Statins in high doses have demonstrated a link to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, likely due to a decrease in pancreatic beta cell function and decreasing peripheral insulin sensitivity.
